*------------------------------------------* RUNNER: TidesDB vs RocksDB Comparison Date: Thu Feb 12 07:43:39 PM CET 2026 Sync Mode: DISABLED (maximum performance) TidesDB B+tree: DISABLED (block-based klog) Parameters: Default Batch Size: 1000 Default Threads: 8 Environment: Hostname: xfs Kernel: 5.15.0-164-generic Filesystem: unknown CPU: AMD Ryzen Threadripper 2950X 16-Core Processor CPU Cores: 32 Memory: 125Gi Results: Text: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.txt CSV: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv *------------------------------------------* ### 1. Sequential Write Performance (Batched) ### *------------------------------------------* TEST: Sequential Write (10M ops, 8 threads, batch=1000) *------------------------------------------* Running TidesDB... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 10000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: write_seq_10M_t8_b1000 Key Pattern: Sequential Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running TidesDB benchmark... PUT: 3351772.55 ops/sec ITER: 10006384.07 ops/sec (10000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 10000000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 3351772.55 ops/sec Duration: 2.983 seconds Latency (avg): 2330.15 μs Latency (stddev): 561.21 μs Latency (CV): 24.08% Latency (p50): 2275.00 μs Latency (p95): 2908.00 μs Latency (p99): 5245.00 μs Latency (min): 901.00 μs Latency (max): 10140.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 10006384.07 ops/sec Duration: 0.999 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 1465.88 MB Peak VMS: 2337.52 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 1246.36 MB CPU User Time: 25.435 seconds CPU System Time: 2.135 seconds CPU Utilization: 691.5% Database Size: 110.57 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.13x Space Amplification: 0.10x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Running RocksDB... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 10000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: write_seq_10M_t8_b1000 Key Pattern: Sequential Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running RocksDB benchmark... PUT: 771544.21 ops/sec ITER: 2804181.48 ops/sec (10000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 10000000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 771544.21 ops/sec Duration: 12.961 seconds Latency (avg): 10365.12 μs Latency (stddev): 888.27 μs Latency (CV): 8.57% Latency (p50): 10356.00 μs Latency (p95): 11844.00 μs Latency (p99): 12715.00 μs Latency (min): 2842.00 μs Latency (max): 16790.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 2804181.48 ops/sec Duration: 3.566 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 251.66 MB Peak VMS: 1295.17 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 1642.55 MB CPU User Time: 44.793 seconds CPU System Time: 3.002 seconds CPU Utilization: 288.8% Database Size: 197.83 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.48x Space Amplification: 0.18x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv ### 2. Random Write Performance (Batched) ### *------------------------------------------* TEST: Random Write (10M ops, 8 threads, batch=1000) *------------------------------------------* Running TidesDB... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 10000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: write_random_10M_t8_b1000 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running TidesDB benchmark... PUT: 1747201.90 ops/sec ITER: 3455537.26 ops/sec (10000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 10000000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 1747201.90 ops/sec Duration: 5.723 seconds Latency (avg): 4188.51 μs Latency (stddev): 825.82 μs Latency (CV): 19.72% Latency (p50): 4143.00 μs Latency (p95): 5491.00 μs Latency (p99): 6007.00 μs Latency (min): 1052.00 μs Latency (max): 8024.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 3455537.26 ops/sec Duration: 2.894 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 2031.24 MB Peak VMS: 2607.30 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 1200.54 MB CPU User Time: 46.808 seconds CPU System Time: 2.936 seconds CPU Utilization: 577.0% Database Size: 89.12 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.09x Space Amplification: 0.08x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Running RocksDB... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 10000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: write_random_10M_t8_b1000 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running RocksDB benchmark... PUT: 692780.14 ops/sec ITER: 2382459.00 ops/sec (10000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 10000000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 692780.14 ops/sec Duration: 14.435 seconds Latency (avg): 11542.41 μs Latency (stddev): 801.64 μs Latency (CV): 6.95% Latency (p50): 11599.00 μs Latency (p95): 12597.00 μs Latency (p99): 13266.00 μs Latency (min): 2151.00 μs Latency (max): 20595.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 2382459.00 ops/sec Duration: 4.197 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 344.92 MB Peak VMS: 1360.20 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 1480.92 MB CPU User Time: 53.255 seconds CPU System Time: 3.299 seconds CPU Utilization: 303.5% Database Size: 130.69 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.34x Space Amplification: 0.12x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv ### 3. Random Read Performance ### *------------------------------------------* TEST: Random Read (10M ops, 8 threads) *------------------------------------------* Populating TidesDB for read test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 10000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: read_random_10M_t8_populate Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running TidesDB benchmark... PUT: 1708904.52 ops/sec ITER: 3426928.46 ops/sec (10000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 10000000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 1708904.52 ops/sec Duration: 5.852 seconds Latency (avg): 4407.69 μs Latency (stddev): 860.83 μs Latency (CV): 19.53% Latency (p50): 4457.00 μs Latency (p95): 5736.00 μs Latency (p99): 6511.00 μs Latency (min): 1031.00 μs Latency (max): 9872.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 3426928.46 ops/sec Duration: 2.918 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 1962.70 MB Peak VMS: 2412.01 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 1199.93 MB CPU User Time: 49.271 seconds CPU System Time: 2.731 seconds CPU Utilization: 592.8% Database Size: 88.12 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.08x Space Amplification: 0.08x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Running TidesDB read test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 10000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1 Test Name: read_random_10M_t8 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Read-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running TidesDB benchmark... GET: 1516536.39 ops/sec ITER: 12060063.94 ops/sec (10000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 10000000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes GET Operations: Throughput: 1516536.39 ops/sec Duration: 6.594 seconds Latency (avg): 4.79 μs Latency (stddev): 8.62 μs Latency (CV): 180.08% Latency (p50): 4.00 μs Latency (p95): 6.00 μs Latency (p99): 8.00 μs Latency (min): 1.00 μs Latency (max): 1539.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 12060063.94 ops/sec Duration: 0.829 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 1730.77 MB Peak VMS: 2025.71 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 0.00 MB CPU User Time: 45.640 seconds CPU System Time: 7.708 seconds CPU Utilization: 630.8% Database Size: 88.12 MB Amplification Factors: CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Populating RocksDB for read test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 10000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: read_random_10M_t8_populate Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running RocksDB benchmark... PUT: 692919.30 ops/sec ITER: 2394932.51 ops/sec (10000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 10000000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 692919.30 ops/sec Duration: 14.432 seconds Latency (avg): 11540.36 μs Latency (stddev): 927.79 μs Latency (CV): 8.04% Latency (p50): 11663.00 μs Latency (p95): 12713.00 μs Latency (p99): 13348.00 μs Latency (min): 2275.00 μs Latency (max): 22125.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 2394932.51 ops/sec Duration: 4.175 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 336.40 MB Peak VMS: 1370.53 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 1481.55 MB CPU User Time: 52.565 seconds CPU System Time: 3.416 seconds CPU Utilization: 300.8% Database Size: 130.51 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.34x Space Amplification: 0.12x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Running RocksDB read test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 10000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1 Test Name: read_random_10M_t8 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Read-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running RocksDB benchmark... GET: 809421.54 ops/sec ITER: 3360208.28 ops/sec (10000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 10000000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes GET Operations: Throughput: 809421.54 ops/sec Duration: 12.355 seconds Latency (avg): 9.06 μs Latency (stddev): 4.94 μs Latency (CV): 54.54% Latency (p50): 8.00 μs Latency (p95): 17.00 μs Latency (p99): 24.00 μs Latency (min): 2.00 μs Latency (max): 752.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 3360208.28 ops/sec Duration: 2.976 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 350.47 MB Peak VMS: 1440.99 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 85.93 MB CPU User Time: 90.091 seconds CPU System Time: 14.932 seconds CPU Utilization: 636.7% Database Size: 86.11 MB Amplification Factors: CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv ### 4. Mixed Workload (50/50 Read/Write, Batched) ### *------------------------------------------* TEST: Mixed Workload (5M ops, 8 threads, batch=1000) *------------------------------------------* Running TidesDB... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 5000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: mixed_random_5M_t8_b1000 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Mixed Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running TidesDB benchmark... PUT: 1948007.68 ops/sec GET: 584534.09 ops/sec ITER: 2916370.17 ops/sec (5000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 5000000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 1948007.68 ops/sec Duration: 2.567 seconds Latency (avg): 3881.57 μs Latency (stddev): 737.12 μs Latency (CV): 18.99% Latency (p50): 3809.00 μs Latency (p95): 5055.00 μs Latency (p99): 5425.00 μs Latency (min): 1080.00 μs Latency (max): 8469.00 μs GET Operations: Throughput: 584534.09 ops/sec Duration: 8.554 seconds Latency (avg): 11.27 μs Latency (stddev): 182.92 μs Latency (CV): 1622.81% Latency (p50): 5.00 μs Latency (p95): 14.00 μs Latency (p99): 17.00 μs Latency (min): 0.00 μs Latency (max): 103722.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 2916370.17 ops/sec Duration: 1.714 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 1575.55 MB Peak VMS: 2063.09 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 602.07 MB CPU User Time: 61.297 seconds CPU System Time: 20.362 seconds CPU Utilization: 610.5% Database Size: 43.75 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.09x Space Amplification: 0.08x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Running RocksDB... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 5000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: mixed_random_5M_t8_b1000 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Mixed Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running RocksDB benchmark... PUT: 685076.22 ops/sec GET: 804177.86 ops/sec ITER: 2673452.24 ops/sec (5000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 5000000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 685076.22 ops/sec Duration: 7.298 seconds Latency (avg): 11668.38 μs Latency (stddev): 784.76 μs Latency (CV): 6.73% Latency (p50): 11711.00 μs Latency (p95): 12824.00 μs Latency (p99): 13071.00 μs Latency (min): 2527.00 μs Latency (max): 15428.00 μs GET Operations: Throughput: 804177.86 ops/sec Duration: 6.218 seconds Latency (avg): 9.18 μs Latency (stddev): 4.81 μs Latency (CV): 52.42% Latency (p50): 9.00 μs Latency (p95): 17.00 μs Latency (p99): 24.00 μs Latency (min): 0.00 μs Latency (max): 596.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 2673452.24 ops/sec Duration: 1.870 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 296.61 MB Peak VMS: 1294.32 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 691.50 MB CPU User Time: 65.613 seconds CPU System Time: 7.413 seconds CPU Utilization: 457.4% Database Size: 74.22 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.25x Space Amplification: 0.13x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv ### 5. Hot Key Workload (Zipfian Distribution, Batched) ### *------------------------------------------* TEST: Zipfian Write (5M ops, 8 threads, batch=1000) *------------------------------------------* Running TidesDB... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 5000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: write_zipfian_5M_t8_b1000 Key Pattern: Zipfian (hot keys) Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running TidesDB benchmark... PUT: 1254374.63 ops/sec ITER: 3421326.30 ops/sec (656662 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 5000000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 1254374.63 ops/sec Duration: 3.986 seconds Latency (avg): 6224.90 μs Latency (stddev): 2849.56 μs Latency (CV): 45.78% Latency (p50): 6200.00 μs Latency (p95): 8795.00 μs Latency (p99): 9294.00 μs Latency (min): 2740.00 μs Latency (max): 168990.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 3421326.30 ops/sec Duration: 0.192 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 758.11 MB Peak VMS: 1117.52 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 576.93 MB CPU User Time: 21.090 seconds CPU System Time: 8.547 seconds CPU Utilization: 709.2% Database Size: 10.17 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.04x Space Amplification: 0.02x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Running RocksDB... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 5000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: write_zipfian_5M_t8_b1000 Key Pattern: Zipfian (hot keys) Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running RocksDB benchmark... PUT: 579375.48 ops/sec ITER: 1102389.96 ops/sec (656740 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 5000000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 579375.48 ops/sec Duration: 8.630 seconds Latency (avg): 13705.77 μs Latency (stddev): 2437.93 μs Latency (CV): 17.79% Latency (p50): 14013.00 μs Latency (p95): 15572.00 μs Latency (p99): 15850.00 μs Latency (min): 3929.00 μs Latency (max): 143357.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 1102389.96 ops/sec Duration: 0.596 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 177.14 MB Peak VMS: 1295.24 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 680.35 MB CPU User Time: 24.640 seconds CPU System Time: 2.256 seconds CPU Utilization: 291.5% Database Size: 62.92 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.23x Space Amplification: 0.11x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv *------------------------------------------* TEST: Zipfian Mixed (5M ops, 8 threads, batch=1000) *------------------------------------------* Running TidesDB... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 5000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: mixed_zipfian_5M_t8_b1000 Key Pattern: Zipfian (hot keys) Workload: Mixed Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running TidesDB benchmark... PUT: 1283354.05 ops/sec GET: 1135544.24 ops/sec ITER: 3830536.16 ops/sec (656642 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 5000000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 1283354.05 ops/sec Duration: 3.896 seconds Latency (avg): 6060.88 μs Latency (stddev): 2968.21 μs Latency (CV): 48.97% Latency (p50): 5969.00 μs Latency (p95): 8746.00 μs Latency (p99): 9287.00 μs Latency (min): 2622.00 μs Latency (max): 178642.00 μs GET Operations: Throughput: 1135544.24 ops/sec Duration: 4.403 seconds Latency (avg): 3.07 μs Latency (stddev): 1.35 μs Latency (CV): 43.89% Latency (p50): 3.00 μs Latency (p95): 5.00 μs Latency (p99): 6.00 μs Latency (min): 0.00 μs Latency (max): 65.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 3830536.16 ops/sec Duration: 0.171 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 794.35 MB Peak VMS: 1155.68 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 576.93 MB CPU User Time: 42.411 seconds CPU System Time: 19.334 seconds CPU Utilization: 685.4% Database Size: 10.17 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.04x Space Amplification: 0.02x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Running RocksDB... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 5000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: mixed_zipfian_5M_t8_b1000 Key Pattern: Zipfian (hot keys) Workload: Mixed Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running RocksDB benchmark... PUT: 582445.44 ops/sec GET: 886939.51 ops/sec ITER: 1210054.34 ops/sec (656734 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 5000000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 582445.44 ops/sec Duration: 8.584 seconds Latency (avg): 13667.74 μs Latency (stddev): 2533.46 μs Latency (CV): 18.54% Latency (p50): 14143.00 μs Latency (p95): 15559.00 μs Latency (p99): 15969.00 μs Latency (min): 2252.00 μs Latency (max): 144344.00 μs GET Operations: Throughput: 886939.51 ops/sec Duration: 5.637 seconds Latency (avg): 6.64 μs Latency (stddev): 4.45 μs Latency (CV): 66.95% Latency (p50): 6.00 μs Latency (p95): 14.00 μs Latency (p99): 18.00 μs Latency (min): 0.00 μs Latency (max): 565.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 1210054.34 ops/sec Duration: 0.543 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 214.71 MB Peak VMS: 1294.06 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 681.35 MB CPU User Time: 59.259 seconds CPU System Time: 9.243 seconds CPU Utilization: 445.5% Database Size: 54.00 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.23x Space Amplification: 0.10x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv ### 6. Delete Performance (Batched) ### *------------------------------------------* TEST: Random Delete (5M ops, 8 threads, batch=1000) *------------------------------------------* Populating TidesDB for delete test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 5000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: delete_random_5M_t8_b1000_populate Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running TidesDB benchmark... PUT: 1903856.76 ops/sec ITER: 3810667.74 ops/sec (5000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 5000000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 1903856.76 ops/sec Duration: 2.626 seconds Latency (avg): 3941.22 μs Latency (stddev): 829.31 μs Latency (CV): 21.04% Latency (p50): 3785.00 μs Latency (p95): 5426.00 μs Latency (p99): 6084.00 μs Latency (min): 1042.00 μs Latency (max): 12843.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 3810667.74 ops/sec Duration: 1.312 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 1041.66 MB Peak VMS: 1297.59 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 602.61 MB CPU User Time: 21.805 seconds CPU System Time: 1.440 seconds CPU Utilization: 590.0% Database Size: 43.81 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.09x Space Amplification: 0.08x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Running TidesDB delete test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 5000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: delete_random_5M_t8_b1000 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Delete-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running TidesDB benchmark... DELETE: [8 threads started] ..............................................................[T0 done] [T1 done] [T2 done] [T3 done] [T4 done] [T5 done] [T6 done] [T7 done] 2281041.67 ops/sec ITER: 0.00 ops/sec (0 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 5000000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes DELETE Operations: Throughput: 2281041.67 ops/sec Duration: 2.192 seconds Latency (avg): 3434.87 μs Latency (stddev): 379.40 μs Latency (CV): 11.05% Latency (p50): 3541.00 μs Latency (p95): 3885.00 μs Latency (p99): 3976.00 μs Latency (min): 2030.00 μs Latency (max): 4731.00 μs Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 752.68 MB Peak VMS: 1127.18 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 100.21 MB CPU User Time: 17.713 seconds CPU System Time: 0.915 seconds CPU Utilization: 499.7% Database Size: 46.54 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 0.18x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Populating RocksDB for delete test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 5000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: delete_random_5M_t8_b1000_populate Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running RocksDB benchmark... PUT: 682556.02 ops/sec ITER: 2262825.35 ops/sec (5000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 5000000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 682556.02 ops/sec Duration: 7.325 seconds Latency (avg): 11710.42 μs Latency (stddev): 837.94 μs Latency (CV): 7.16% Latency (p50): 11757.00 μs Latency (p95): 12852.00 μs Latency (p99): 13369.00 μs Latency (min): 3136.00 μs Latency (max): 22179.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 2262825.35 ops/sec Duration: 2.210 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 216.30 MB Peak VMS: 1295.37 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 689.69 MB CPU User Time: 23.723 seconds CPU System Time: 1.582 seconds CPU Utilization: 265.2% Database Size: 82.87 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.25x Space Amplification: 0.15x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Running RocksDB delete test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 5000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: delete_random_5M_t8_b1000 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Delete-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running RocksDB benchmark... DELETE: [8 threads started] ..............................................................[T0 done] [T1 done] [T2 done] [T3 done] [T4 done] [T5 done] [T6 done] [T7 done] 1624598.24 ops/sec ITER: 0.00 ops/sec (0 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 5000000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes DELETE Operations: Throughput: 1624598.24 ops/sec Duration: 3.078 seconds Latency (avg): 4906.35 μs Latency (stddev): 743.15 μs Latency (CV): 15.15% Latency (p50): 5027.00 μs Latency (p95): 5995.00 μs Latency (p99): 6166.00 μs Latency (min): 1175.00 μs Latency (max): 6358.00 μs Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 198.75 MB Peak VMS: 1296.00 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 156.14 MB CPU User Time: 19.184 seconds CPU System Time: 0.809 seconds CPU Utilization: 341.1% Database Size: 65.43 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 0.28x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv ### 7. Large Value Performance (Batched) ### *------------------------------------------* TEST: Large Values (1M ops, 256B key, 4KB value, batch=1000) *------------------------------------------* Running TidesDB... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 1000000 Key Size: 256 bytes Value Size: 4096 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: write_large_values_1M_k256_v4096_t8_b1000 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running TidesDB benchmark... PUT: 275732.15 ops/sec ITER: 793596.00 ops/sec (1000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 1000000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 256 bytes Value Size: 4096 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 275732.15 ops/sec Duration: 3.627 seconds Latency (avg): 28819.52 μs Latency (stddev): 12210.54 μs Latency (CV): 42.37% Latency (p50): 25903.00 μs Latency (p95): 43771.00 μs Latency (p99): 67106.00 μs Latency (min): 20120.00 μs Latency (max): 141838.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 793596.00 ops/sec Duration: 1.260 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 3113.03 MB Peak VMS: 3629.66 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 4337.57 MB CPU User Time: 22.767 seconds CPU System Time: 10.876 seconds CPU Utilization: 688.2% Database Size: 1150.27 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.05x Space Amplification: 0.28x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Running RocksDB... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 1000000 Key Size: 256 bytes Value Size: 4096 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: write_large_values_1M_k256_v4096_t8_b1000 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running RocksDB benchmark... PUT: 77140.61 ops/sec ITER: 193623.93 ops/sec (1000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 1000000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 256 bytes Value Size: 4096 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 77140.61 ops/sec Duration: 12.963 seconds Latency (avg): 103027.78 μs Latency (stddev): 7548.10 μs Latency (CV): 7.33% Latency (p50): 104585.00 μs Latency (p95): 109760.00 μs Latency (p99): 112986.00 μs Latency (min): 31387.00 μs Latency (max): 150387.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 193623.93 ops/sec Duration: 5.165 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 1055.30 MB Peak VMS: 1632.21 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 5389.45 MB CPU User Time: 57.295 seconds CPU System Time: 11.345 seconds CPU Utilization: 377.9% Database Size: 344.85 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.30x Space Amplification: 0.08x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv ### 8. Small Value Performance (Batched) ### *------------------------------------------* TEST: Small Values (50M ops, 16B key, 64B value, batch=1000) *------------------------------------------* Running TidesDB... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 50000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 64 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: write_small_values_50M_k16_v64_t8_b1000 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running TidesDB benchmark... PUT: 1320406.59 ops/sec ITER: 4173949.86 ops/sec (50000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 50000000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 64 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 1320406.59 ops/sec Duration: 37.867 seconds Latency (avg): 5566.52 μs Latency (stddev): 1400.67 μs Latency (CV): 25.16% Latency (p50): 5454.00 μs Latency (p95): 7919.00 μs Latency (p99): 8896.00 μs Latency (min): 1183.00 μs Latency (max): 14736.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 4173949.86 ops/sec Duration: 11.979 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 6676.28 MB Peak VMS: 8428.27 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 4779.84 MB CPU User Time: 339.917 seconds CPU System Time: 9.776 seconds CPU Utilization: 701.2% Database Size: 528.08 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.25x Space Amplification: 0.14x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Running RocksDB... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 50000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 64 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: write_small_values_50M_k16_v64_t8_b1000 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running RocksDB benchmark... PUT: 757484.14 ops/sec ITER: 2416477.59 ops/sec (50000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 50000000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 64 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 757484.14 ops/sec Duration: 66.008 seconds Latency (avg): 10560.02 μs Latency (stddev): 852.14 μs Latency (CV): 8.07% Latency (p50): 10628.00 μs Latency (p95): 11808.00 μs Latency (p99): 12315.00 μs Latency (min): 2143.00 μs Latency (max): 16852.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 2416477.59 ops/sec Duration: 20.691 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 668.46 MB Peak VMS: 1551.46 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 6104.58 MB CPU User Time: 277.218 seconds CPU System Time: 12.915 seconds CPU Utilization: 334.6% Database Size: 485.14 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.60x Space Amplification: 0.13x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv ### 9. Batch Size Comparison ### Testing impact of different batch sizes on write performance *------------------------------------------* TEST: Batch Size 1 (no batching, 10M ops) *------------------------------------------* Running TidesDB... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 10000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1 Test Name: batch_1_10M_t8 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running TidesDB benchmark... PUT: 138696.60 ops/sec ITER: 8342454.42 ops/sec (10000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 10000000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 138696.60 ops/sec Duration: 72.100 seconds Latency (avg): 56.92 μs Latency (stddev): 28.43 μs Latency (CV): 49.94% Latency (p50): 58.00 μs Latency (p95): 65.00 μs Latency (p99): 70.00 μs Latency (min): 4.00 μs Latency (max): 28111.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 8342454.42 ops/sec Duration: 1.199 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 411.79 MB Peak VMS: 1066.64 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 1552.53 MB CPU User Time: 55.646 seconds CPU System Time: 535.374 seconds CPU Utilization: 792.5% Database Size: 107.75 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.40x Space Amplification: 0.10x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Running RocksDB... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 10000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1 Test Name: batch_1_10M_t8 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running RocksDB benchmark... PUT: 323770.70 ops/sec ITER: 2547768.10 ops/sec (10000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 10000000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 323770.70 ops/sec Duration: 30.886 seconds Latency (avg): 23.85 μs Latency (stddev): 3.31 μs Latency (CV): 13.87% Latency (p50): 24.00 μs Latency (p95): 28.00 μs Latency (p99): 31.00 μs Latency (min): 7.00 μs Latency (max): 2225.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 2547768.10 ops/sec Duration: 3.925 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 445.38 MB Peak VMS: 1423.62 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 1590.60 MB CPU User Time: 133.863 seconds CPU System Time: 141.577 seconds CPU Utilization: 765.4% Database Size: 104.97 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.44x Space Amplification: 0.09x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv *------------------------------------------* TEST: Batch Size 10 (10M ops) *------------------------------------------* Running TidesDB... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 10000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 10 Test Name: batch_10_10M_t8 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running TidesDB benchmark... PUT: 1097677.13 ops/sec ITER: 4974560.10 ops/sec (10000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 10000000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 1097677.13 ops/sec Duration: 9.110 seconds Latency (avg): 71.63 μs Latency (stddev): 17.30 μs Latency (CV): 24.16% Latency (p50): 71.00 μs Latency (p95): 98.00 μs Latency (p99): 115.00 μs Latency (min): 15.00 μs Latency (max): 3503.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 4974560.10 ops/sec Duration: 2.010 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 1126.41 MB Peak VMS: 2079.26 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 1314.32 MB CPU User Time: 47.171 seconds CPU System Time: 37.105 seconds CPU Utilization: 749.9% Database Size: 105.94 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.19x Space Amplification: 0.10x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Running RocksDB... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 10000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 10 Test Name: batch_10_10M_t8 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running RocksDB benchmark... PUT: 1214476.41 ops/sec ITER: 2268190.38 ops/sec (10000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 10000000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 1214476.41 ops/sec Duration: 8.234 seconds Latency (avg): 65.64 μs Latency (stddev): 32.08 μs Latency (CV): 48.88% Latency (p50): 65.00 μs Latency (p95): 74.00 μs Latency (p99): 81.00 μs Latency (min): 20.00 μs Latency (max): 5414.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 2268190.38 ops/sec Duration: 4.409 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 309.93 MB Peak VMS: 1295.37 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 1471.59 MB CPU User Time: 52.136 seconds CPU System Time: 33.703 seconds CPU Utilization: 670.1% Database Size: 117.72 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.33x Space Amplification: 0.11x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv *------------------------------------------* TEST: Batch Size 100 (10M ops) *------------------------------------------* Running TidesDB... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 10000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 100 Test Name: batch_100_10M_t8 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running TidesDB benchmark... PUT: 1872455.80 ops/sec ITER: 3677868.72 ops/sec (10000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 10000000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 1872455.80 ops/sec Duration: 5.341 seconds Latency (avg): 411.64 μs Latency (stddev): 119.42 μs Latency (CV): 29.01% Latency (p50): 409.00 μs Latency (p95): 543.00 μs Latency (p99): 588.00 μs Latency (min): 109.00 μs Latency (max): 7820.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 3677868.72 ops/sec Duration: 2.719 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 1934.26 MB Peak VMS: 2403.80 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 1215.00 MB CPU User Time: 44.456 seconds CPU System Time: 3.997 seconds CPU Utilization: 599.4% Database Size: 99.80 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.10x Space Amplification: 0.09x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Running RocksDB... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 10000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 100 Test Name: batch_100_10M_t8 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running RocksDB benchmark... PUT: 1098845.19 ops/sec ITER: 2340765.34 ops/sec (10000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 10000000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 1098845.19 ops/sec Duration: 9.100 seconds Latency (avg): 727.60 μs Latency (stddev): 119.16 μs Latency (CV): 16.38% Latency (p50): 732.00 μs Latency (p95): 835.00 μs Latency (p99): 918.00 μs Latency (min): 155.00 μs Latency (max): 7528.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 2340765.34 ops/sec Duration: 4.272 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 302.21 MB Peak VMS: 1359.59 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 1469.82 MB CPU User Time: 51.497 seconds CPU System Time: 6.216 seconds CPU Utilization: 430.6% Database Size: 112.90 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.33x Space Amplification: 0.10x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv *------------------------------------------* TEST: Batch Size 1000 (10M ops) *------------------------------------------* Running TidesDB... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 10000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: batch_1000_10M_t8 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running TidesDB benchmark... PUT: 1746505.24 ops/sec ITER: 3431567.68 ops/sec (10000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 10000000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 1746505.24 ops/sec Duration: 5.726 seconds Latency (avg): 4286.65 μs Latency (stddev): 813.24 μs Latency (CV): 18.97% Latency (p50): 4323.00 μs Latency (p95): 5616.00 μs Latency (p99): 6248.00 μs Latency (min): 1059.00 μs Latency (max): 7286.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 3431567.68 ops/sec Duration: 2.914 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 1962.45 MB Peak VMS: 2412.25 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 1200.01 MB CPU User Time: 47.900 seconds CPU System Time: 2.770 seconds CPU Utilization: 586.2% Database Size: 88.38 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.08x Space Amplification: 0.08x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Running RocksDB... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 10000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: batch_1000_10M_t8 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running RocksDB benchmark... PUT: 684709.21 ops/sec ITER: 2427945.26 ops/sec (10000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 10000000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 684709.21 ops/sec Duration: 14.605 seconds Latency (avg): 11678.58 μs Latency (stddev): 744.00 μs Latency (CV): 6.37% Latency (p50): 11778.00 μs Latency (p95): 12629.00 μs Latency (p99): 12967.00 μs Latency (min): 2069.00 μs Latency (max): 16446.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 2427945.26 ops/sec Duration: 4.119 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 336.55 MB Peak VMS: 1360.20 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 1481.27 MB CPU User Time: 53.313 seconds CPU System Time: 3.251 seconds CPU Utilization: 302.1% Database Size: 128.85 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.34x Space Amplification: 0.12x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv *------------------------------------------* TEST: Batch Size 10000 (10M ops) *------------------------------------------* Running TidesDB... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 10000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 10000 Test Name: batch_10000_10M_t8 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running TidesDB benchmark... PUT: 1318226.46 ops/sec ITER: 4311043.51 ops/sec (10000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 10000000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 1318226.46 ops/sec Duration: 7.586 seconds Latency (avg): 58382.69 μs Latency (stddev): 12965.25 μs Latency (CV): 22.21% Latency (p50): 57400.00 μs Latency (p95): 77948.00 μs Latency (p99): 86721.00 μs Latency (min): 19262.00 μs Latency (max): 92704.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 4311043.51 ops/sec Duration: 2.320 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 1549.16 MB Peak VMS: 2086.79 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 1210.66 MB CPU User Time: 65.413 seconds CPU System Time: 2.762 seconds CPU Utilization: 688.2% Database Size: 77.52 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.09x Space Amplification: 0.07x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Running RocksDB... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 10000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 10000 Test Name: batch_10000_10M_t8 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running RocksDB benchmark... PUT: 453167.70 ops/sec ITER: 2742121.82 ops/sec (10000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 10000000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 453167.70 ops/sec Duration: 22.067 seconds Latency (avg): 175902.57 μs Latency (stddev): 14274.96 μs Latency (CV): 8.12% Latency (p50): 178554.00 μs Latency (p95): 191942.00 μs Latency (p99): 198860.00 μs Latency (min): 19411.00 μs Latency (max): 201371.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 2742121.82 ops/sec Duration: 3.647 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 301.11 MB Peak VMS: 1296.14 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 1485.29 MB CPU User Time: 49.529 seconds CPU System Time: 3.027 seconds CPU Utilization: 204.4% Database Size: 120.78 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.34x Space Amplification: 0.11x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv ### 10. Batch Size Impact on Deletes ### *------------------------------------------* TEST: Delete Batch=1 (5M ops) *------------------------------------------* Populating TidesDB for delete test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 5000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1 Test Name: delete_batch_1_5M_t8_populate Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running TidesDB benchmark... PUT: 138542.69 ops/sec ITER: 5609317.75 ops/sec (5000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 5000000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 138542.69 ops/sec Duration: 36.090 seconds Latency (avg): 56.99 μs Latency (stddev): 31.24 μs Latency (CV): 54.81% Latency (p50): 58.00 μs Latency (p95): 65.00 μs Latency (p99): 69.00 μs Latency (min): 4.00 μs Latency (max): 24438.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 5609317.75 ops/sec Duration: 0.891 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 395.96 MB Peak VMS: 870.97 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 739.73 MB CPU User Time: 23.816 seconds CPU System Time: 269.753 seconds CPU Utilization: 781.2% Database Size: 54.22 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.34x Space Amplification: 0.10x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Running TidesDB delete test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 5000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1 Test Name: delete_batch_1_5M_t8 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Delete-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running TidesDB benchmark... DELETE: [8 threads started] ..............................................................[T0 done] [T1 done] [T2 done] [T3 done] [T4 done] [T5 done] [T6 done] [T7 done] 142754.45 ops/sec ITER: 0.00 ops/sec (0 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 5000000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes DELETE Operations: Throughput: 142754.45 ops/sec Duration: 35.025 seconds Latency (avg): 55.56 μs Latency (stddev): 8.00 μs Latency (CV): 14.40% Latency (p50): 56.00 μs Latency (p95): 63.00 μs Latency (p99): 68.00 μs Latency (min): 4.00 μs Latency (max): 1899.00 μs Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 749.51 MB Peak VMS: 1125.50 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 185.98 MB CPU User Time: 19.513 seconds CPU System Time: 262.146 seconds CPU Utilization: 760.7% Database Size: 54.22 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 0.34x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Populating RocksDB for delete test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 5000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1 Test Name: delete_batch_1_5M_t8_populate Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running RocksDB benchmark... PUT: 325039.41 ops/sec ITER: 2692635.16 ops/sec (5000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 5000000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 325039.41 ops/sec Duration: 15.383 seconds Latency (avg): 23.77 μs Latency (stddev): 21.42 μs Latency (CV): 90.10% Latency (p50): 23.00 μs Latency (p95): 28.00 μs Latency (p99): 32.00 μs Latency (min): 5.00 μs Latency (max): 15728.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 2692635.16 ops/sec Duration: 1.857 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 241.58 MB Peak VMS: 1296.53 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 714.52 MB CPU User Time: 62.426 seconds CPU System Time: 68.885 seconds CPU Utilization: 736.6% Database Size: 81.12 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.29x Space Amplification: 0.15x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Running RocksDB delete test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 5000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1 Test Name: delete_batch_1_5M_t8 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Delete-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running RocksDB benchmark... DELETE: [8 threads started] ..............................................................[T0 done] [T1 done] [T2 done] [T3 done] [T4 done] [T5 done] [T6 done] [T7 done] 375444.49 ops/sec ITER: 0.00 ops/sec (0 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 5000000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes DELETE Operations: Throughput: 375444.49 ops/sec Duration: 13.318 seconds Latency (avg): 20.77 μs Latency (stddev): 3.10 μs Latency (CV): 14.95% Latency (p50): 21.00 μs Latency (p95): 24.00 μs Latency (p99): 27.00 μs Latency (min): 4.00 μs Latency (max): 1394.00 μs Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 198.73 MB Peak VMS: 1295.67 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 181.37 MB CPU User Time: 55.545 seconds CPU System Time: 57.728 seconds CPU Utilization: 734.2% Database Size: 69.41 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 0.33x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv *------------------------------------------* TEST: Delete Batch=100 (5M ops) *------------------------------------------* Populating TidesDB for delete test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 5000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 100 Test Name: delete_batch_100_5M_t8_populate Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running TidesDB benchmark... PUT: 2128800.07 ops/sec ITER: 4098451.36 ops/sec (5000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 5000000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 2128800.07 ops/sec Duration: 2.349 seconds Latency (avg): 360.94 μs Latency (stddev): 68.93 μs Latency (CV): 19.10% Latency (p50): 355.00 μs Latency (p95): 468.00 μs Latency (p99): 508.00 μs Latency (min): 106.00 μs Latency (max): 8208.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 4098451.36 ops/sec Duration: 1.220 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 1045.36 MB Peak VMS: 1295.62 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 610.17 MB CPU User Time: 19.360 seconds CPU System Time: 1.901 seconds CPU Utilization: 593.7% Database Size: 50.42 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.10x Space Amplification: 0.09x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Running TidesDB delete test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 5000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 100 Test Name: delete_batch_100_5M_t8 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Delete-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running TidesDB benchmark... DELETE: [8 threads started] ..............................................................[T0 done] [T1 done] [T2 done] [T3 done] [T4 done] [T5 done] [T6 done] [T7 done] 2234379.23 ops/sec ITER: 0.00 ops/sec (0 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 5000000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes DELETE Operations: Throughput: 2234379.23 ops/sec Duration: 2.238 seconds Latency (avg): 345.35 μs Latency (stddev): 464.72 μs Latency (CV): 134.56% Latency (p50): 345.00 μs Latency (p95): 396.00 μs Latency (p99): 417.00 μs Latency (min): 175.00 μs Latency (max): 51780.00 μs Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 751.21 MB Peak VMS: 1127.28 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 105.67 MB CPU User Time: 17.524 seconds CPU System Time: 1.184 seconds CPU Utilization: 498.8% Database Size: 52.20 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 0.19x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Populating RocksDB for delete test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 5000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 100 Test Name: delete_batch_100_5M_t8_populate Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running RocksDB benchmark... PUT: 1064287.88 ops/sec ITER: 2343090.27 ops/sec (5000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 5000000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 1064287.88 ops/sec Duration: 4.698 seconds Latency (avg): 750.97 μs Latency (stddev): 127.90 μs Latency (CV): 17.03% Latency (p50): 756.00 μs Latency (p95): 864.00 μs Latency (p99): 904.00 μs Latency (min): 171.00 μs Latency (max): 5562.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 2343090.27 ops/sec Duration: 2.134 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 198.69 MB Peak VMS: 1295.34 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 693.59 MB CPU User Time: 24.715 seconds CPU System Time: 3.090 seconds CPU Utilization: 406.2% Database Size: 76.88 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.25x Space Amplification: 0.14x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Running RocksDB delete test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 5000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 100 Test Name: delete_batch_100_5M_t8 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Delete-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running RocksDB benchmark... DELETE: [8 threads started] ..............................................................[T0 done] [T1 done] [T2 done] [T3 done] [T4 done] [T5 done] [T6 done] [T7 done] 1411771.75 ops/sec ITER: 0.00 ops/sec (0 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 5000000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes DELETE Operations: Throughput: 1411771.75 ops/sec Duration: 3.542 seconds Latency (avg): 566.19 μs Latency (stddev): 65.86 μs Latency (CV): 11.63% Latency (p50): 566.00 μs Latency (p95): 655.00 μs Latency (p99): 678.00 μs Latency (min): 115.00 μs Latency (max): 3395.00 μs Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 179.95 MB Peak VMS: 1296.05 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 160.18 MB CPU User Time: 19.633 seconds CPU System Time: 2.635 seconds CPU Utilization: 355.6% Database Size: 67.35 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 0.29x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv *------------------------------------------* TEST: Delete Batch=1000 (5M ops) *------------------------------------------* Populating TidesDB for delete test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 5000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: delete_batch_1000_5M_t8_populate Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running TidesDB benchmark... PUT: 1949387.66 ops/sec ITER: 3767727.16 ops/sec (5000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 5000000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 1949387.66 ops/sec Duration: 2.565 seconds Latency (avg): 3823.86 μs Latency (stddev): 746.89 μs Latency (CV): 19.53% Latency (p50): 3722.00 μs Latency (p95): 5019.00 μs Latency (p99): 5952.00 μs Latency (min): 1483.00 μs Latency (max): 7560.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 3767727.16 ops/sec Duration: 1.327 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 1045.44 MB Peak VMS: 1296.79 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 602.51 MB CPU User Time: 21.154 seconds CPU System Time: 1.439 seconds CPU Utilization: 580.3% Database Size: 43.74 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.09x Space Amplification: 0.08x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Running TidesDB delete test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 5000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: delete_batch_1000_5M_t8 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Delete-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running TidesDB benchmark... DELETE: [8 threads started] ..............................................................[T0 done] [T1 done] [T2 done] [T3 done] [T4 done] [T5 done] [T6 done] [T7 done] 2232153.82 ops/sec ITER: 0.00 ops/sec (0 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 5000000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes DELETE Operations: Throughput: 2232153.82 ops/sec Duration: 2.240 seconds Latency (avg): 3335.27 μs Latency (stddev): 416.53 μs Latency (CV): 12.49% Latency (p50): 3295.00 μs Latency (p95): 3944.00 μs Latency (p99): 4274.00 μs Latency (min): 2058.00 μs Latency (max): 7245.00 μs Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 752.72 MB Peak VMS: 1127.20 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 100.21 MB CPU User Time: 17.240 seconds CPU System Time: 0.855 seconds CPU Utilization: 484.1% Database Size: 47.51 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 0.18x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Populating RocksDB for delete test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 5000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: delete_batch_1000_5M_t8_populate Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running RocksDB benchmark... PUT: 710040.69 ops/sec ITER: 2285073.94 ops/sec (5000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 5000000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 710040.69 ops/sec Duration: 7.042 seconds Latency (avg): 11256.41 μs Latency (stddev): 821.91 μs Latency (CV): 7.30% Latency (p50): 11261.00 μs Latency (p95): 12534.00 μs Latency (p99): 12903.00 μs Latency (min): 2303.00 μs Latency (max): 13850.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 2285073.94 ops/sec Duration: 2.188 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 200.56 MB Peak VMS: 1295.37 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 688.91 MB CPU User Time: 22.334 seconds CPU System Time: 1.640 seconds CPU Utilization: 259.5% Database Size: 85.56 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.25x Space Amplification: 0.15x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Running RocksDB delete test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 5000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: delete_batch_1000_5M_t8 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Delete-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running RocksDB benchmark... DELETE: [8 threads started] ..............................................................[T0 done] [T1 done] [T2 done] [T3 done] [T4 done] [T5 done] [T6 done] [T7 done] 1613685.08 ops/sec ITER: 0.00 ops/sec (0 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 5000000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes DELETE Operations: Throughput: 1613685.08 ops/sec Duration: 3.098 seconds Latency (avg): 4941.44 μs Latency (stddev): 464.16 μs Latency (CV): 9.39% Latency (p50): 4975.00 μs Latency (p95): 5542.00 μs Latency (p99): 5700.00 μs Latency (min): 1791.00 μs Latency (max): 8507.00 μs Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 177.75 MB Peak VMS: 1296.17 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 157.63 MB CPU User Time: 19.107 seconds CPU System Time: 0.792 seconds CPU Utilization: 338.9% Database Size: 66.12 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 0.28x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv ### 11. Seek Performance (Block Index Effectiveness) ### *------------------------------------------* TEST: Random Seek (5M ops, 8 threads) *------------------------------------------* Populating TidesDB for seek test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 5000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: seek_random_5M_t8_populate Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running TidesDB benchmark... PUT: 1960129.40 ops/sec ITER: 3796538.92 ops/sec (5000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 5000000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 1960129.40 ops/sec Duration: 2.551 seconds Latency (avg): 3929.16 μs Latency (stddev): 723.65 μs Latency (CV): 18.42% Latency (p50): 3872.00 μs Latency (p95): 5124.00 μs Latency (p99): 5346.00 μs Latency (min): 1078.00 μs Latency (max): 6590.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 3796538.92 ops/sec Duration: 1.317 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 1044.42 MB Peak VMS: 1291.96 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 601.56 MB CPU User Time: 21.676 seconds CPU System Time: 1.382 seconds CPU Utilization: 595.9% Database Size: 43.50 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.09x Space Amplification: 0.08x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Running TidesDB seek test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 5000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1 Test Name: seek_random_5M_t8 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Seek Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running TidesDB benchmark... SEEK: [8 threads started] [T0 done] [T1 done] [T2 done] [T3 done] [T4 done] [T5 done] [T6 done] [T7 done] 869946.48 ops/sec ITER: 9614737.47 ops/sec (5000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 5000000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes SEEK Operations: Throughput: 869946.48 ops/sec Duration: 5.747 seconds Latency (avg): 8.31 μs Latency (stddev): 15.90 μs Latency (CV): 191.27% Latency (p50): 8.00 μs Latency (p95): 10.00 μs Latency (p99): 11.00 μs Latency (min): 2.00 μs Latency (max): 2244.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 9614737.47 ops/sec Duration: 0.520 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 886.71 MB Peak VMS: 1188.70 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 0.00 MB CPU User Time: 42.722 seconds CPU System Time: 1.005 seconds CPU Utilization: 645.0% Database Size: 43.50 MB Amplification Factors: CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Populating RocksDB for seek test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 5000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: seek_random_5M_t8_populate Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running RocksDB benchmark... PUT: 691969.60 ops/sec ITER: 2254182.52 ops/sec (5000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 5000000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 691969.60 ops/sec Duration: 7.226 seconds Latency (avg): 11550.43 μs Latency (stddev): 864.93 μs Latency (CV): 7.49% Latency (p50): 11525.00 μs Latency (p95): 12809.00 μs Latency (p99): 13335.00 μs Latency (min): 2664.00 μs Latency (max): 21646.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 2254182.52 ops/sec Duration: 2.218 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 218.53 MB Peak VMS: 1295.37 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 689.94 MB CPU User Time: 22.965 seconds CPU System Time: 1.680 seconds CPU Utilization: 260.8% Database Size: 81.86 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.25x Space Amplification: 0.15x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Running RocksDB seek test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 5000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1 Test Name: seek_random_5M_t8 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Seek Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running RocksDB benchmark... SEEK: [8 threads started] [T0 done] [T1 done] [T2 done] [T3 done] [T4 done] [T5 done] [T6 done] [T7 done] 418892.17 ops/sec ITER: 2729466.23 ops/sec (5000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 5000000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes SEEK Operations: Throughput: 418892.17 ops/sec Duration: 11.936 seconds Latency (avg): 18.13 μs Latency (stddev): 7.85 μs Latency (CV): 43.32% Latency (p50): 17.00 μs Latency (p95): 29.00 μs Latency (p99): 36.00 μs Latency (min): 6.00 μs Latency (max): 725.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 2729466.23 ops/sec Duration: 1.832 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 222.99 MB Peak VMS: 1304.18 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 0.00 MB CPU User Time: 83.462 seconds CPU System Time: 10.280 seconds CPU Utilization: 652.5% Database Size: 52.97 MB Amplification Factors: CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv *------------------------------------------* TEST: Sequential Seek (5M ops, 8 threads) *------------------------------------------* Populating TidesDB for seek test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 5000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: seek_seq_5M_t8_populate Key Pattern: Sequential Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running TidesDB benchmark... PUT: 3350831.37 ops/sec ITER: 7831270.58 ops/sec (5000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 5000000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 3350831.37 ops/sec Duration: 1.492 seconds Latency (avg): 2315.34 μs Latency (stddev): 510.09 μs Latency (CV): 22.03% Latency (p50): 2269.00 μs Latency (p95): 2958.00 μs Latency (p99): 3828.00 μs Latency (min): 931.00 μs Latency (max): 9906.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 7831270.58 ops/sec Duration: 0.638 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 1036.96 MB Peak VMS: 1326.36 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 617.97 MB CPU User Time: 12.279 seconds CPU System Time: 1.136 seconds CPU Utilization: 628.9% Database Size: 55.27 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.12x Space Amplification: 0.10x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Running TidesDB seek test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 5000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1 Test Name: seek_seq_5M_t8 Key Pattern: Sequential Workload: Seek Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running TidesDB benchmark... SEEK: [8 threads started] [T0 done] [T1 done] [T2 done] [T3 done] [T4 done] [T5 done] [T6 done] [T7 done] 3864871.72 ops/sec ITER: 11989832.62 ops/sec (5000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 5000000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes SEEK Operations: Throughput: 3864871.72 ops/sec Duration: 1.294 seconds Latency (avg): 1.72 μs Latency (stddev): 4.19 μs Latency (CV): 244.19% Latency (p50): 2.00 μs Latency (p95): 2.00 μs Latency (p99): 3.00 μs Latency (min): 0.00 μs Latency (max): 381.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 11989832.62 ops/sec Duration: 0.417 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 878.14 MB Peak VMS: 1123.85 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 0.00 MB CPU User Time: 10.459 seconds CPU System Time: 0.516 seconds CPU Utilization: 503.9% Database Size: 55.27 MB Amplification Factors: CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Populating RocksDB for seek test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 5000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: seek_seq_5M_t8_populate Key Pattern: Sequential Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running RocksDB benchmark... PUT: 773042.34 ops/sec ITER: 2745252.63 ops/sec (5000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 5000000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 773042.34 ops/sec Duration: 6.468 seconds Latency (avg): 10342.25 μs Latency (stddev): 696.00 μs Latency (CV): 6.73% Latency (p50): 10384.00 μs Latency (p95): 11424.00 μs Latency (p99): 12120.00 μs Latency (min): 2571.00 μs Latency (max): 13625.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 2745252.63 ops/sec Duration: 1.821 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 187.55 MB Peak VMS: 1295.24 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 763.17 MB CPU User Time: 21.218 seconds CPU System Time: 1.506 seconds CPU Utilization: 273.8% Database Size: 121.96 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.38x Space Amplification: 0.22x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Running RocksDB seek test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 5000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1 Test Name: seek_seq_5M_t8 Key Pattern: Sequential Workload: Seek Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running RocksDB benchmark... SEEK: [8 threads started] [T0 done] [T1 done] [T2 done] [T3 done] [T4 done] [T5 done] [T6 done] [T7 done] 1565156.85 ops/sec ITER: 2862647.32 ops/sec (5000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 5000000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes SEEK Operations: Throughput: 1565156.85 ops/sec Duration: 3.195 seconds Latency (avg): 4.36 μs Latency (stddev): 1.89 μs Latency (CV): 43.35% Latency (p50): 4.00 μs Latency (p95): 6.00 μs Latency (p99): 12.00 μs Latency (min): 1.00 μs Latency (max): 727.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 2862647.32 ops/sec Duration: 1.747 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 174.65 MB Peak VMS: 1303.70 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 0.00 MB CPU User Time: 24.830 seconds CPU System Time: 0.420 seconds CPU Utilization: 468.2% Database Size: 91.73 MB Amplification Factors: CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv *------------------------------------------* TEST: Zipfian Seek (5M ops, 8 threads) *------------------------------------------* Populating TidesDB for seek test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 5000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: seek_zipfian_5M_t8_populate Key Pattern: Zipfian (hot keys) Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running TidesDB benchmark... PUT: 1255177.29 ops/sec ITER: 3444822.65 ops/sec (658843 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 5000000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 1255177.29 ops/sec Duration: 3.984 seconds Latency (avg): 5916.27 μs Latency (stddev): 8846.21 μs Latency (CV): 149.52% Latency (p50): 5272.00 μs Latency (p95): 8552.00 μs Latency (p99): 8981.00 μs Latency (min): 2659.00 μs Latency (max): 383723.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 3444822.65 ops/sec Duration: 0.191 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 742.91 MB Peak VMS: 1117.52 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 576.93 MB CPU User Time: 21.384 seconds CPU System Time: 6.922 seconds CPU Utilization: 677.8% Database Size: 10.21 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.04x Space Amplification: 0.02x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Running TidesDB seek test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 5000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1 Test Name: seek_zipfian_5M_t8 Key Pattern: Zipfian (hot keys) Workload: Seek Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running TidesDB benchmark... SEEK: [8 threads started] [T0 done] [T1 done] [T2 done] [T3 done] [T4 done] [T5 done] [T6 done] [T7 done] 1127966.69 ops/sec ITER: 11290257.90 ops/sec (658843 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 5000000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes SEEK Operations: Throughput: 1127966.69 ops/sec Duration: 4.433 seconds Latency (avg): 2.89 μs Latency (stddev): 3.35 μs Latency (CV): 115.88% Latency (p50): 3.00 μs Latency (p95): 4.00 μs Latency (p99): 6.00 μs Latency (min): 0.00 μs Latency (max): 599.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 11290257.90 ops/sec Duration: 0.058 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 146.23 MB Peak VMS: 606.71 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 0.00 MB CPU User Time: 21.645 seconds CPU System Time: 11.287 seconds CPU Utilization: 659.7% Database Size: 10.21 MB Amplification Factors: CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Populating RocksDB for seek test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 5000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: seek_zipfian_5M_t8_populate Key Pattern: Zipfian (hot keys) Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running RocksDB benchmark... PUT: 574115.23 ops/sec ITER: 1088793.40 ops/sec (656758 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 5000000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 574115.23 ops/sec Duration: 8.709 seconds Latency (avg): 13851.95 μs Latency (stddev): 2242.96 μs Latency (CV): 16.19% Latency (p50): 14185.00 μs Latency (p95): 15562.00 μs Latency (p99): 15877.00 μs Latency (min): 3973.00 μs Latency (max): 135624.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 1088793.40 ops/sec Duration: 0.603 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 156.30 MB Peak VMS: 1295.24 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 680.41 MB CPU User Time: 25.064 seconds CPU System Time: 2.173 seconds CPU Utilization: 292.4% Database Size: 64.64 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.23x Space Amplification: 0.12x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Running RocksDB seek test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 5000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1 Test Name: seek_zipfian_5M_t8 Key Pattern: Zipfian (hot keys) Workload: Seek Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running RocksDB benchmark... SEEK: [8 threads started] [T0 done] [T1 done] [T2 done] [T3 done] [T4 done] [T5 done] [T6 done] [T7 done] 304602.49 ops/sec ITER: 1217113.32 ops/sec (656758 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 5000000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes SEEK Operations: Throughput: 304602.49 ops/sec Duration: 16.415 seconds Latency (avg): 23.60 μs Latency (stddev): 12.35 μs Latency (CV): 52.33% Latency (p50): 24.00 μs Latency (p95): 43.00 μs Latency (p99): 51.00 μs Latency (min): 2.00 μs Latency (max): 663.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 1217113.32 ops/sec Duration: 0.540 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 225.30 MB Peak VMS: 1296.99 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 0.00 MB CPU User Time: 101.838 seconds CPU System Time: 19.954 seconds CPU Utilization: 693.0% Database Size: 37.83 MB Amplification Factors: CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv ### 12. Range Query Performance ### *------------------------------------------* TEST: Range Scan 100 keys (1M ops, 8 threads) *------------------------------------------* Populating TidesDB for range test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 1000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: range_random_100_1M_t8_populate Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running TidesDB benchmark... PUT: 2418935.43 ops/sec ITER: 4183855.34 ops/sec (1000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 1000000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 2418935.43 ops/sec Duration: 0.413 seconds Latency (avg): 3131.74 μs Latency (stddev): 615.99 μs Latency (CV): 19.67% Latency (p50): 3111.00 μs Latency (p95): 4166.00 μs Latency (p99): 5254.00 μs Latency (min): 1063.00 μs Latency (max): 11355.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 4183855.34 ops/sec Duration: 0.239 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 267.42 MB Peak VMS: 698.68 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 122.04 MB CPU User Time: 3.313 seconds CPU System Time: 0.351 seconds CPU Utilization: 561.2% Database Size: 9.04 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.10x Space Amplification: 0.08x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Running TidesDB range test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 1000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1 Test Name: range_random_100_1M_t8 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Range Query Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running TidesDB benchmark... RANGE: [8 threads started] [T0 done] [T1 done] [T2 done] [T3 done] [T4 done] [T5 done] [T6 done] [T7 done] 386431.17 ops/sec ITER: 9859307.68 ops/sec (1000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 1000000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes RANGE Query Operations: Throughput: 386431.17 ops/sec Duration: 2.588 seconds Latency (avg): 18.38 μs Latency (stddev): 19.97 μs Latency (CV): 108.63% Latency (p50): 15.00 μs Latency (p95): 47.00 μs Latency (p99): 54.00 μs Latency (min): 7.00 μs Latency (max): 1595.00 μs Keys per range: 100 ITERATION: Throughput: 9859307.68 ops/sec Duration: 0.101 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 215.50 MB Peak VMS: 607.62 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 0.00 MB CPU User Time: 18.283 seconds CPU System Time: 0.602 seconds CPU Utilization: 668.1% Database Size: 9.04 MB Amplification Factors: CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Populating RocksDB for range test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 1000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: range_random_100_1M_t8_populate Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running RocksDB benchmark... PUT: 682369.82 ops/sec ITER: 2292599.95 ops/sec (1000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 1000000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 682369.82 ops/sec Duration: 1.465 seconds Latency (avg): 11675.66 μs Latency (stddev): 948.78 μs Latency (CV): 8.13% Latency (p50): 11716.00 μs Latency (p95): 12865.00 μs Latency (p99): 13301.00 μs Latency (min): 2395.00 μs Latency (max): 16626.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 2292599.95 ops/sec Duration: 0.436 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 99.32 MB Peak VMS: 1286.21 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 126.79 MB CPU User Time: 3.790 seconds CPU System Time: 0.411 seconds CPU Utilization: 220.2% Database Size: 19.29 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.15x Space Amplification: 0.17x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Running RocksDB range test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 1000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1 Test Name: range_random_100_1M_t8 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Range Query Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running RocksDB benchmark... RANGE: [8 threads started] [T0 done] [T1 done] [T2 done] [T3 done] [T4 done] [T5 done] [T6 done] [T7 done] 176136.65 ops/sec ITER: 2458657.67 ops/sec (1000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 1000000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes RANGE Query Operations: Throughput: 176136.65 ops/sec Duration: 5.677 seconds Latency (avg): 43.45 μs Latency (stddev): 13.23 μs Latency (CV): 30.45% Latency (p50): 41.00 μs Latency (p95): 52.00 μs Latency (p99): 59.00 μs Latency (min): 5.00 μs Latency (max): 663.00 μs Keys per range: 100 ITERATION: Throughput: 2458657.67 ops/sec Duration: 0.407 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 165.47 MB Peak VMS: 1294.62 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 0.00 MB CPU User Time: 43.362 seconds CPU System Time: 0.917 seconds CPU Utilization: 710.2% Database Size: 14.12 MB Amplification Factors: CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv *------------------------------------------* TEST: Range Scan 1000 keys (500K ops, 8 threads) *------------------------------------------* Populating TidesDB for range test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 500000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: range_random_1000_500K_t8_populate Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running TidesDB benchmark... PUT: 2338732.69 ops/sec ITER: 4081466.06 ops/sec (500000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 500000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 2338732.69 ops/sec Duration: 0.214 seconds Latency (avg): 3162.99 μs Latency (stddev): 641.52 μs Latency (CV): 20.28% Latency (p50): 3077.00 μs Latency (p95): 4389.00 μs Latency (p99): 5252.00 μs Latency (min): 933.00 μs Latency (max): 6375.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 4081466.06 ops/sec Duration: 0.123 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 148.27 MB Peak VMS: 605.52 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 57.58 MB CPU User Time: 1.574 seconds CPU System Time: 0.135 seconds CPU Utilization: 507.4% Database Size: 4.58 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.04x Space Amplification: 0.08x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Running TidesDB range test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 500000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1 Test Name: range_random_1000_500K_t8 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Range Query Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running TidesDB benchmark... RANGE: [8 threads started] [T0 done] [T1 done] [T2 done] [T3 done] [T4 done] [T5 done] [T6 done] [T7 done] 75199.20 ops/sec ITER: 10261040.88 ops/sec (500000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 500000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes RANGE Query Operations: Throughput: 75199.20 ops/sec Duration: 6.649 seconds Latency (avg): 100.18 μs Latency (stddev): 15.90 μs Latency (CV): 15.87% Latency (p50): 101.00 μs Latency (p95): 110.00 μs Latency (p99): 126.00 μs Latency (min): 3.00 μs Latency (max): 1106.00 μs Keys per range: 1000 ITERATION: Throughput: 10261040.88 ops/sec Duration: 0.049 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 121.16 MB Peak VMS: 606.52 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 0.00 MB CPU User Time: 48.417 seconds CPU System Time: 1.999 seconds CPU Utilization: 742.4% Database Size: 4.58 MB Amplification Factors: CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Populating RocksDB for range test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 500000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: range_random_1000_500K_t8_populate Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running RocksDB benchmark... PUT: 692805.77 ops/sec ITER: 2601483.89 ops/sec (500000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 500000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 692805.77 ops/sec Duration: 0.722 seconds Latency (avg): 11407.63 μs Latency (stddev): 1277.78 μs Latency (CV): 11.20% Latency (p50): 11843.00 μs Latency (p95): 12663.00 μs Latency (p99): 12736.00 μs Latency (min): 2245.00 μs Latency (max): 12778.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 2601483.89 ops/sec Duration: 0.192 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 25.02 MB Peak VMS: 1237.85 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 63.71 MB CPU User Time: 1.774 seconds CPU System Time: 0.142 seconds CPU Utilization: 207.8% Database Size: 10.27 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.15x Space Amplification: 0.19x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Running RocksDB range test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 500000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1 Test Name: range_random_1000_500K_t8 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Range Query Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running RocksDB benchmark... RANGE: [8 threads started] [T0 done] [T1 done] [T2 done] [T3 done] [T4 done] [T5 done] [T6 done] [T7 done] 27121.80 ops/sec ITER: 3709363.92 ops/sec (500000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 500000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes RANGE Query Operations: Throughput: 27121.80 ops/sec Duration: 18.435 seconds Latency (avg): 292.82 μs Latency (stddev): 32.89 μs Latency (CV): 11.23% Latency (p50): 292.00 μs Latency (p95): 298.00 μs Latency (p99): 302.00 μs Latency (min): 4.00 μs Latency (max): 2422.00 μs Keys per range: 1000 ITERATION: Throughput: 3709363.92 ops/sec Duration: 0.135 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 76.04 MB Peak VMS: 1233.75 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 0.00 MB CPU User Time: 146.522 seconds CPU System Time: 0.171 seconds CPU Utilization: 787.8% Database Size: 7.48 MB Amplification Factors: CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv *------------------------------------------* TEST: Sequential Range Scan 100 keys (1M ops, 8 threads) *------------------------------------------* Populating TidesDB for range test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 1000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: range_seq_100_1M_t8_populate Key Pattern: Sequential Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running TidesDB benchmark... PUT: 3245562.50 ops/sec ITER: 12072774.69 ops/sec (1000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 1000000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 3245562.50 ops/sec Duration: 0.308 seconds Latency (avg): 2350.09 μs Latency (stddev): 674.15 μs Latency (CV): 28.69% Latency (p50): 2246.00 μs Latency (p95): 3630.00 μs Latency (p99): 4874.00 μs Latency (min): 896.00 μs Latency (max): 9697.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 12072774.69 ops/sec Duration: 0.083 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 266.91 MB Peak VMS: 699.15 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 119.82 MB CPU User Time: 2.325 seconds CPU System Time: 0.244 seconds CPU Utilization: 656.6% Database Size: 11.04 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.08x Space Amplification: 0.10x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Running TidesDB range test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 1000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1 Test Name: range_seq_100_1M_t8 Key Pattern: Sequential Workload: Range Query Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running TidesDB benchmark... RANGE: [8 threads started] [T0 done] [T1 done] [T2 done] [T3 done] [T4 done] [T5 done] [T6 done] [T7 done] 628843.41 ops/sec ITER: 10863070.99 ops/sec (1000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 1000000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes RANGE Query Operations: Throughput: 628843.41 ops/sec Duration: 1.590 seconds Latency (avg): 11.95 μs Latency (stddev): 9.79 μs Latency (CV): 81.91% Latency (p50): 9.00 μs Latency (p95): 37.00 μs Latency (p99): 39.00 μs Latency (min): 3.00 μs Latency (max): 1229.00 μs Keys per range: 100 ITERATION: Throughput: 10863070.99 ops/sec Duration: 0.092 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 203.35 MB Peak VMS: 607.54 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 0.00 MB CPU User Time: 12.084 seconds CPU System Time: 0.391 seconds CPU Utilization: 691.5% Database Size: 11.04 MB Amplification Factors: CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Populating RocksDB for range test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 1000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: range_seq_100_1M_t8_populate Key Pattern: Sequential Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running RocksDB benchmark... PUT: 793407.73 ops/sec ITER: 2841280.39 ops/sec (1000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 1000000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 793407.73 ops/sec Duration: 1.260 seconds Latency (avg): 10054.49 μs Latency (stddev): 1130.41 μs Latency (CV): 11.24% Latency (p50): 9946.00 μs Latency (p95): 11536.00 μs Latency (p99): 11970.00 μs Latency (min): 1833.00 μs Latency (max): 16976.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 2841280.39 ops/sec Duration: 0.352 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 108.92 MB Peak VMS: 1284.93 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 133.22 MB CPU User Time: 3.307 seconds CPU System Time: 0.364 seconds CPU Utilization: 227.0% Database Size: 26.64 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.20x Space Amplification: 0.24x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Running RocksDB range test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 1000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1 Test Name: range_seq_100_1M_t8 Key Pattern: Sequential Workload: Range Query Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running RocksDB benchmark... RANGE: [8 threads started] [T0 done] [T1 done] [T2 done] [T3 done] [T4 done] [T5 done] [T6 done] [T7 done] 251461.18 ops/sec ITER: 2731546.36 ops/sec (1000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 1000000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes RANGE Query Operations: Throughput: 251461.18 ops/sec Duration: 3.977 seconds Latency (avg): 31.18 μs Latency (stddev): 3.98 μs Latency (CV): 12.77% Latency (p50): 31.00 μs Latency (p95): 33.00 μs Latency (p99): 41.00 μs Latency (min): 3.00 μs Latency (max): 1246.00 μs Keys per range: 100 ITERATION: Throughput: 2731546.36 ops/sec Duration: 0.366 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 145.04 MB Peak VMS: 1296.00 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 0.00 MB CPU User Time: 31.844 seconds CPU System Time: 0.134 seconds CPU Utilization: 715.6% Database Size: 21.03 MB Amplification Factors: CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv ========================================== LARGE SCALE TESTS (6GB cache, 16 threads, 4x ops) ========================================== ### 13. Sequential Write Performance (Large Scale) ### *------------------------------------------* TEST: Sequential Write (40M ops, 16 threads, batch=1000) *------------------------------------------* Running TidesDB... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 40000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 16 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: write_seq_40M_t16_b1000 Key Pattern: Sequential Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running TidesDB benchmark... PUT: 3714366.69 ops/sec ITER: 11057778.83 ops/sec (40000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 40000000 Threads: 16 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 3714366.69 ops/sec Duration: 10.769 seconds Latency (avg): 3924.82 μs Latency (stddev): 1179.03 μs Latency (CV): 30.04% Latency (p50): 3664.00 μs Latency (p95): 5844.00 μs Latency (p99): 6732.00 μs Latency (min): 933.00 μs Latency (max): 30462.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 11057778.83 ops/sec Duration: 3.617 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 7586.60 MB Peak VMS: 9498.60 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 4856.44 MB CPU User Time: 165.437 seconds CPU System Time: 8.324 seconds CPU Utilization: 1207.3% Database Size: 1410.60 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.10x Space Amplification: 0.32x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Running RocksDB... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 40000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 16 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: write_seq_40M_t16_b1000 Key Pattern: Sequential Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running RocksDB benchmark... PUT: 772430.91 ops/sec ITER: 2453539.32 ops/sec (40000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 40000000 Threads: 16 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 772430.91 ops/sec Duration: 51.785 seconds Latency (avg): 20709.86 μs Latency (stddev): 1362.64 μs Latency (CV): 6.58% Latency (p50): 20764.00 μs Latency (p95): 22850.00 μs Latency (p99): 23792.00 μs Latency (min): 3652.00 μs Latency (max): 29101.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 2453539.32 ops/sec Duration: 16.303 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 5019.45 MB Peak VMS: 7484.93 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 7852.28 MB CPU User Time: 218.729 seconds CPU System Time: 16.153 seconds CPU Utilization: 344.7% Database Size: 799.06 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.77x Space Amplification: 0.18x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv ### 14. Random Write Performance (Large Scale) ### *------------------------------------------* TEST: Random Write (40M ops, 16 threads, batch=1000) *------------------------------------------* Running TidesDB... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 40000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 16 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: write_random_40M_t16_b1000 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running TidesDB benchmark... PUT: 1910107.57 ops/sec ITER: 3980075.34 ops/sec (40000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 40000000 Threads: 16 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 1910107.57 ops/sec Duration: 20.941 seconds Latency (avg): 7227.45 μs Latency (stddev): 1261.56 μs Latency (CV): 17.46% Latency (p50): 7132.00 μs Latency (p95): 9236.00 μs Latency (p99): 9802.00 μs Latency (min): 1054.00 μs Latency (max): 14643.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 3980075.34 ops/sec Duration: 10.050 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 8551.89 MB Peak VMS: 9662.90 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 4763.70 MB CPU User Time: 308.400 seconds CPU System Time: 10.991 seconds CPU Utilization: 1030.4% Database Size: 494.78 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.08x Space Amplification: 0.11x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Running RocksDB... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 40000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 16 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: write_random_40M_t16_b1000 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running RocksDB benchmark... PUT: 681875.04 ops/sec ITER: 2058525.32 ops/sec (40000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 40000000 Threads: 16 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 681875.04 ops/sec Duration: 58.662 seconds Latency (avg): 23459.75 μs Latency (stddev): 1730.75 μs Latency (CV): 7.38% Latency (p50): 23676.00 μs Latency (p95): 25989.00 μs Latency (p99): 26901.00 μs Latency (min): 2436.00 μs Latency (max): 28178.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 2058525.32 ops/sec Duration: 19.431 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 5192.97 MB Peak VMS: 7625.75 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 6820.51 MB CPU User Time: 246.643 seconds CPU System Time: 15.119 seconds CPU Utilization: 334.9% Database Size: 474.23 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.54x Space Amplification: 0.11x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv ### 15. Random Read Performance (Large Scale) ### *------------------------------------------* TEST: Random Read (40M ops, 16 threads) *------------------------------------------* Populating TidesDB for read test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 40000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 16 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: read_random_40M_t16_populate Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running TidesDB benchmark... PUT: 1917580.84 ops/sec ITER: 3773413.68 ops/sec (40000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 40000000 Threads: 16 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 1917580.84 ops/sec Duration: 20.860 seconds Latency (avg): 7448.80 μs Latency (stddev): 1320.78 μs Latency (CV): 17.73% Latency (p50): 7455.00 μs Latency (p95): 9596.00 μs Latency (p99): 10336.00 μs Latency (min): 1272.00 μs Latency (max): 20411.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 3773413.68 ops/sec Duration: 10.600 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 8341.33 MB Peak VMS: 9508.86 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 4757.39 MB CPU User Time: 317.654 seconds CPU System Time: 10.973 seconds CPU Utilization: 1044.4% Database Size: 495.52 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.08x Space Amplification: 0.11x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Running TidesDB read test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 40000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 16 Batch Size: 1 Test Name: read_random_40M_t16 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Read-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running TidesDB benchmark... GET: 1794848.46 ops/sec ITER: 10882076.65 ops/sec (40000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 40000000 Threads: 16 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes GET Operations: Throughput: 1794848.46 ops/sec Duration: 22.286 seconds Latency (avg): 8.43 μs Latency (stddev): 20.75 μs Latency (CV): 246.02% Latency (p50): 8.00 μs Latency (p95): 11.00 μs Latency (p99): 12.00 μs Latency (min): 1.00 μs Latency (max): 3150.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 10882076.65 ops/sec Duration: 3.676 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 6912.04 MB Peak VMS: 7565.03 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 0.00 MB CPU User Time: 207.113 seconds CPU System Time: 146.481 seconds CPU Utilization: 1154.7% Database Size: 495.52 MB Amplification Factors: CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Populating RocksDB for read test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 40000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 16 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: read_random_40M_t16_populate Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running RocksDB benchmark... PUT: 677352.97 ops/sec ITER: 2009532.82 ops/sec (40000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 40000000 Threads: 16 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 677352.97 ops/sec Duration: 59.053 seconds Latency (avg): 23616.20 μs Latency (stddev): 1744.37 μs Latency (CV): 7.39% Latency (p50): 23844.00 μs Latency (p95): 26241.00 μs Latency (p99): 26805.00 μs Latency (min): 2990.00 μs Latency (max): 27611.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 2009532.82 ops/sec Duration: 19.905 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 5207.10 MB Peak VMS: 7625.24 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 6820.36 MB CPU User Time: 246.930 seconds CPU System Time: 15.059 seconds CPU Utilization: 331.5% Database Size: 474.57 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.54x Space Amplification: 0.11x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Running RocksDB read test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 40000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 16 Batch Size: 1 Test Name: read_random_40M_t16 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Read-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running RocksDB benchmark... GET: 2225596.72 ops/sec ITER: 3416838.88 ops/sec (40000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 40000000 Threads: 16 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes GET Operations: Throughput: 2225596.72 ops/sec Duration: 17.973 seconds Latency (avg): 6.32 μs Latency (stddev): 15.40 μs Latency (CV): 243.51% Latency (p50): 4.00 μs Latency (p95): 6.00 μs Latency (p99): 94.00 μs Latency (min): 1.00 μs Latency (max): 764.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 3416838.88 ops/sec Duration: 11.707 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 5046.39 MB Peak VMS: 7371.66 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 0.00 MB CPU User Time: 217.117 seconds CPU System Time: 29.133 seconds CPU Utilization: 727.9% Database Size: 452.69 MB Amplification Factors: CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv ### 16. Mixed Workload (Large Scale) ### *------------------------------------------* TEST: Mixed Workload (20M ops, 16 threads, batch=1000) *------------------------------------------* Running TidesDB... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 20000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 16 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: mixed_random_20M_t16_b1000 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Mixed Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running TidesDB benchmark... PUT: 2174909.48 ops/sec GET: Running RocksDB... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 20000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 16 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: mixed_random_20M_t16_b1000 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Mixed Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running RocksDB benchmark... PUT: 672811.09 ops/sec GET: 1810982.34 ops/sec ITER: 3272094.98 ops/sec (20000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 20000000 Threads: 16 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 672811.09 ops/sec Duration: 29.726 seconds Latency (avg): 23770.03 μs Latency (stddev): 1744.12 μs Latency (CV): 7.34% Latency (p50): 23894.00 μs Latency (p95): 26210.00 μs Latency (p99): 27945.00 μs Latency (min): 2614.00 μs Latency (max): 35207.00 μs GET Operations: Throughput: 1810982.34 ops/sec Duration: 11.044 seconds Latency (avg): 7.70 μs Latency (stddev): 11.55 μs Latency (CV): 149.89% Latency (p50): 6.00 μs Latency (p95): 10.00 μs Latency (p99): 65.00 μs Latency (min): 0.00 μs Latency (max): 6706.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 3272094.98 ops/sec Duration: 6.112 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 2761.33 MB Peak VMS: 5150.08 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 3254.02 MB CPU User Time: 263.355 seconds CPU System Time: 23.287 seconds CPU Utilization: 584.7% Database Size: 193.24 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.47x Space Amplification: 0.09x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv ### 17. Hot Key Workload (Large Scale) ### *------------------------------------------* TEST: Zipfian Write (20M ops, 16 threads, batch=1000) *------------------------------------------* Running TidesDB... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 20000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 16 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: write_zipfian_20M_t16_b1000 Key Pattern: Zipfian (hot keys) Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running TidesDB benchmark... PUT: 1273388.00 ops/sec ITER: 1996062.53 ops/sec (2860667 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 20000000 Threads: 16 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 1273388.00 ops/sec Duration: 15.706 seconds Latency (avg): 12122.27 μs Latency (stddev): 5312.97 μs Latency (CV): 43.83% Latency (p50): 12590.00 μs Latency (p95): 16113.00 μs Latency (p99): 17843.00 μs Latency (min): 1442.00 μs Latency (max): 630388.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 1996062.53 ops/sec Duration: 1.433 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 1789.74 MB Peak VMS: 2612.61 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 2506.37 MB CPU User Time: 140.467 seconds CPU System Time: 110.720 seconds CPU Utilization: 1465.2% Database Size: 94.74 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.13x Space Amplification: 0.04x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Running RocksDB... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 20000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 16 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: write_zipfian_20M_t16_b1000 Key Pattern: Zipfian (hot keys) Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running RocksDB benchmark... PUT: 565784.87 ops/sec ITER: 1247054.99 ops/sec (2861445 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 20000000 Threads: 16 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 565784.87 ops/sec Duration: 35.349 seconds Latency (avg): 28204.79 μs Latency (stddev): 4171.53 μs Latency (CV): 14.79% Latency (p50): 28835.00 μs Latency (p95): 31528.00 μs Latency (p99): 32276.00 μs Latency (min): 2442.00 μs Latency (max): 457921.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 1247054.99 ops/sec Duration: 2.295 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 793.67 MB Peak VMS: 3460.04 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 3292.93 MB CPU User Time: 116.615 seconds CPU System Time: 10.194 seconds CPU Utilization: 336.7% Database Size: 109.20 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.49x Space Amplification: 0.05x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv *------------------------------------------* TEST: Zipfian Mixed (20M ops, 16 threads, batch=1000) *------------------------------------------* Running TidesDB... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 20000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 16 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: mixed_zipfian_20M_t16_b1000 Key Pattern: Zipfian (hot keys) Workload: Mixed Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running TidesDB benchmark... PUT: 1221499.81 ops/sec GET: 1139854.77 ops/sec ITER: 1912086.87 ops/sec (2876576 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 20000000 Threads: 16 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 1221499.81 ops/sec Duration: 16.373 seconds Latency (avg): 12194.64 μs Latency (stddev): 23171.12 μs Latency (CV): 190.01% Latency (p50): 12319.00 μs Latency (p95): 16226.00 μs Latency (p99): 17986.00 μs Latency (min): 1563.00 μs Latency (max): 1883848.00 μs GET Operations: Throughput: 1139854.77 ops/sec Duration: 17.546 seconds Latency (avg): 9.49 μs Latency (stddev): 105.21 μs Latency (CV): 1108.93% Latency (p50): 8.00 μs Latency (p95): 14.00 μs Latency (p99): 18.00 μs Latency (min): 0.00 μs Latency (max): 142203.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 1912086.87 ops/sec Duration: 1.504 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 3601.91 MB Peak VMS: 4554.38 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 2554.80 MB CPU User Time: 354.628 seconds CPU System Time: 172.330 seconds CPU Utilization: 1391.6% Database Size: 96.22 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.15x Space Amplification: 0.04x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Running RocksDB... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 20000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 16 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: mixed_zipfian_20M_t16_b1000 Key Pattern: Zipfian (hot keys) Workload: Mixed Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running RocksDB benchmark... PUT: 571784.79 ops/sec GET: 1196660.15 ops/sec ITER: 2637079.55 ops/sec (2861408 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 20000000 Threads: 16 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 571784.79 ops/sec Duration: 34.978 seconds Latency (avg): 27912.01 μs Latency (stddev): 4194.12 μs Latency (CV): 15.03% Latency (p50): 28573.00 μs Latency (p95): 31303.00 μs Latency (p99): 31957.00 μs Latency (min): 2353.00 μs Latency (max): 455798.00 μs GET Operations: Throughput: 1196660.15 ops/sec Duration: 16.713 seconds Latency (avg): 6.29 μs Latency (stddev): 5.57 μs Latency (CV): 88.65% Latency (p50): 6.00 μs Latency (p95): 9.00 μs Latency (p99): 17.00 μs Latency (min): 0.00 μs Latency (max): 337.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 2637079.55 ops/sec Duration: 1.085 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 1101.52 MB Peak VMS: 2910.08 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 3291.50 MB CPU User Time: 261.023 seconds CPU System Time: 112.699 seconds CPU Utilization: 678.7% Database Size: 116.38 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.49x Space Amplification: 0.05x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv ### 18. Delete Performance (Large Scale) ### *------------------------------------------* TEST: Random Delete (20M ops, 16 threads, batch=1000) *------------------------------------------* Populating TidesDB for delete test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 20000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 16 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: delete_random_20M_t16_b1000_populate Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running TidesDB benchmark... PUT: 2171954.74 ops/sec ITER: 3035602.46 ops/sec (20000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 20000000 Threads: 16 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 2171954.74 ops/sec Duration: 9.208 seconds Latency (avg): 6826.49 μs Latency (stddev): 1213.57 μs Latency (CV): 17.78% Latency (p50): 6932.00 μs Latency (p95): 8522.00 μs Latency (p99): 9381.00 μs Latency (min): 1146.00 μs Latency (max): 32800.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 3035602.46 ops/sec Duration: 6.588 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 4561.83 MB Peak VMS: 5782.29 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 2426.84 MB CPU User Time: 148.641 seconds CPU System Time: 5.656 seconds CPU Utilization: 976.5% Database Size: 198.72 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.10x Space Amplification: 0.09x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Running TidesDB delete test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 20000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 16 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: delete_random_20M_t16_b1000 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Delete-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running TidesDB benchmark... DELETE: [16 threads started] .............................................................................................................................[T0 done] [T1 done] [T2 done] [T3 done] [T4 done] [T5 done] [T6 done] [T7 done] [T8 done] [T9 done] [T10 done] [T11 done] [T12 done] [T13 done] [T14 done] [T15 done] 2375329.64 ops/sec ITER: 0.00 ops/sec (0 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 20000000 Threads: 16 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes DELETE Operations: Throughput: 2375329.64 ops/sec Duration: 8.420 seconds Latency (avg): 6127.26 μs Latency (stddev): 1069.34 μs Latency (CV): 17.45% Latency (p50): 5988.00 μs Latency (p95): 8101.00 μs Latency (p99): 8496.00 μs Latency (min): 727.00 μs Latency (max): 16714.00 μs Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 2635.74 MB Peak VMS: 4039.84 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 534.14 MB CPU User Time: 135.865 seconds CPU System Time: 4.422 seconds CPU Utilization: 977.2% Database Size: 359.95 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 0.24x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Populating RocksDB for delete test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 20000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 16 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: delete_random_20M_t16_b1000_populate Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running RocksDB benchmark... PUT: 682462.30 ops/sec ITER: 2138473.88 ops/sec (20000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 20000000 Threads: 16 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 682462.30 ops/sec Duration: 29.306 seconds Latency (avg): 23433.92 μs Latency (stddev): 1668.60 μs Latency (CV): 7.12% Latency (p50): 23659.00 μs Latency (p95): 25782.00 μs Latency (p99): 26530.00 μs Latency (min): 3109.00 μs Latency (max): 34558.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 2138473.88 ops/sec Duration: 9.352 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 2658.23 MB Peak VMS: 5215.42 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 3186.89 MB CPU User Time: 115.772 seconds CPU System Time: 7.705 seconds CPU Utilization: 319.2% Database Size: 271.49 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.44x Space Amplification: 0.12x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Running RocksDB delete test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 20000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 16 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: delete_random_20M_t16_b1000 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Delete-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running RocksDB benchmark... DELETE: [16 threads started] .............................................................................................................................[T0 done] [T1 done] [T2 done] [T3 done] [T4 done] [T5 done] [T6 done] [T7 done] [T8 done] [T9 done] [T10 done] [T11 done] [T12 done] [T13 done] [T14 done] [T15 done] 2419023.49 ops/sec ITER: 0.00 ops/sec (0 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 20000000 Threads: 16 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes DELETE Operations: Throughput: 2419023.49 ops/sec Duration: 8.268 seconds Latency (avg): 6611.59 μs Latency (stddev): 4928.67 μs Latency (CV): 74.55% Latency (p50): 6224.00 μs Latency (p95): 7301.00 μs Latency (p99): 8696.00 μs Latency (min): 1736.00 μs Latency (max): 87510.00 μs Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 3184.18 MB Peak VMS: 5736.55 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 1015.58 MB CPU User Time: 99.904 seconds CPU System Time: 4.377 seconds CPU Utilization: 504.1% Database Size: 383.35 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 0.46x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv ### 19. Large Value Performance (Large Scale) ### *------------------------------------------* TEST: Large Values (4M ops, 256B key, 4KB value, batch=1000) *------------------------------------------* Running TidesDB... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 4000000 Key Size: 256 bytes Value Size: 4096 bytes Threads: 16 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: write_large_values_4M_k256_v4096_t16_b1000 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running TidesDB benchmark... PUT: 282065.98 ops/sec ITER: 602956.20 ops/sec (4000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 4000000 Threads: 16 Key Size: 256 bytes Value Size: 4096 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 282065.98 ops/sec Duration: 14.181 seconds Latency (avg): 55272.73 μs Latency (stddev): 18020.13 μs Latency (CV): 32.60% Latency (p50): 54806.00 μs Latency (p95): 77134.00 μs Latency (p99): 108129.00 μs Latency (min): 18219.00 μs Latency (max): 245269.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 602956.20 ops/sec Duration: 6.634 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 15635.48 MB Peak VMS: 16781.12 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 17678.54 MB CPU User Time: 110.399 seconds CPU System Time: 136.151 seconds CPU Utilization: 1184.3% Database Size: 2621.56 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.06x Space Amplification: 0.16x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Running RocksDB... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 4000000 Key Size: 256 bytes Value Size: 4096 bytes Threads: 16 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: write_large_values_4M_k256_v4096_t16_b1000 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running RocksDB benchmark... PUT: 75593.81 ops/sec ITER: 180658.00 ops/sec (4000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 4000000 Threads: 16 Key Size: 256 bytes Value Size: 4096 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 75593.81 ops/sec Duration: 52.914 seconds Latency (avg): 211018.23 μs Latency (stddev): 113736.58 μs Latency (CV): 53.90% Latency (p50): 203267.00 μs Latency (p95): 215079.00 μs Latency (p99): 309817.00 μs Latency (min): 37999.00 μs Latency (max): 2140500.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 180658.00 ops/sec Duration: 22.141 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 8026.14 MB Peak VMS: 9918.68 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 23278.48 MB CPU User Time: 251.901 seconds CPU System Time: 55.273 seconds CPU Utilization: 408.5% Database Size: 1316.96 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.40x Space Amplification: 0.08x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv ### 20. Small Value Performance (Large Scale) ### *------------------------------------------* TEST: Small Values (200M ops, 16B key, 64B value, batch=1000) *------------------------------------------* Running TidesDB... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 200000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 64 bytes Threads: 16 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: write_small_values_200M_k16_v64_t16_b1000 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running TidesDB benchmark... PUT: 1749053.99 ops/sec ITER: 2851925.06 ops/sec (200000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 200000000 Threads: 16 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 64 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 1749053.99 ops/sec Duration: 114.348 seconds Latency (avg): 8625.91 μs Latency (stddev): 1484.78 μs Latency (CV): 17.21% Latency (p50): 8753.00 μs Latency (p95): 10715.00 μs Latency (p99): 11973.00 μs Latency (min): 1009.00 μs Latency (max): 90837.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 2851925.06 ops/sec Duration: 70.128 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 37975.51 MB Peak VMS: 44867.46 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 19317.48 MB CPU User Time: 1978.920 seconds CPU System Time: 49.683 seconds CPU Utilization: 1098.9% Database Size: 2173.64 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.27x Space Amplification: 0.14x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Running RocksDB... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 200000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 64 bytes Threads: 16 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: write_small_values_200M_k16_v64_t16_b1000 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running RocksDB benchmark... PUT: 727519.57 ops/sec ITER: 2220710.93 ops/sec (200000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 200000000 Threads: 16 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 64 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 727519.57 ops/sec Duration: 274.907 seconds Latency (avg): 21991.27 μs Latency (stddev): 1733.69 μs Latency (CV): 7.88% Latency (p50): 22192.00 μs Latency (p95): 24451.00 μs Latency (p99): 25434.00 μs Latency (min): 4208.00 μs Latency (max): 30904.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 2220710.93 ops/sec Duration: 90.061 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 7750.57 MB Peak VMS: 10087.50 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 29814.63 MB CPU User Time: 1394.091 seconds CPU System Time: 62.086 seconds CPU Utilization: 398.7% Database Size: 1323.91 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.95x Space Amplification: 0.09x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv ### 21. Batch Size Comparison (Large Scale) ### *------------------------------------------* TEST: Batch Size 1 (no batching, 40M ops, 16 threads) *------------------------------------------* Running TidesDB... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 40000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 16 Batch Size: 1 Test Name: batch_1_40M_t16 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running TidesDB benchmark... PUT: 139809.72 ops/sec ITER: 8139138.57 ops/sec (40000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 40000000 Threads: 16 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 139809.72 ops/sec Duration: 286.103 seconds Latency (avg): 113.56 μs Latency (stddev): 51.53 μs Latency (CV): 45.37% Latency (p50): 116.00 μs Latency (p95): 128.00 μs Latency (p99): 134.00 μs Latency (min): 4.00 μs Latency (max): 81867.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 8139138.57 ops/sec Duration: 4.915 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 561.92 MB Peak VMS: 2902.99 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 9117.62 MB CPU User Time: 452.098 seconds CPU System Time: 4362.212 seconds CPU Utilization: 1623.0% Database Size: 486.36 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 2.06x Space Amplification: 0.11x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Running RocksDB... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 40000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 16 Batch Size: 1 Test Name: batch_1_40M_t16 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running RocksDB benchmark... PUT: 460831.45 ops/sec ITER: 2253167.60 ops/sec (40000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 40000000 Threads: 16 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 460831.45 ops/sec Duration: 86.800 seconds Latency (avg): 33.86 μs Latency (stddev): 8.15 μs Latency (CV): 24.06% Latency (p50): 34.00 μs Latency (p95): 39.00 μs Latency (p99): 43.00 μs Latency (min): 4.00 μs Latency (max): 7635.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 2253167.60 ops/sec Duration: 17.753 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 5175.65 MB Peak VMS: 7484.59 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 7062.07 MB CPU User Time: 705.567 seconds CPU System Time: 842.092 seconds CPU Utilization: 1412.5% Database Size: 497.73 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.60x Space Amplification: 0.11x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv *------------------------------------------* TEST: Batch Size 100 (40M ops, 16 threads) *------------------------------------------* Running TidesDB... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 40000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 16 Batch Size: 100 Test Name: batch_100_40M_t16 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running TidesDB benchmark... PUT: 2037948.23 ops/sec ITER: 4119982.54 ops/sec (40000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 40000000 Threads: 16 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 2037948.23 ops/sec Duration: 19.628 seconds Latency (avg): 723.50 μs Latency (stddev): 384.05 μs Latency (CV): 53.08% Latency (p50): 724.00 μs Latency (p95): 907.00 μs Latency (p99): 1041.00 μs Latency (min): 111.00 μs Latency (max): 60622.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 4119982.54 ops/sec Duration: 9.709 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 7890.03 MB Peak VMS: 8859.83 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 4793.08 MB CPU User Time: 297.073 seconds CPU System Time: 19.393 seconds CPU Utilization: 1076.9% Database Size: 510.48 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.08x Space Amplification: 0.12x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Running RocksDB... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 40000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 16 Batch Size: 100 Test Name: batch_100_40M_t16 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running RocksDB benchmark... PUT: 898753.49 ops/sec ITER: 2246389.63 ops/sec (40000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 40000000 Threads: 16 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 898753.49 ops/sec Duration: 44.506 seconds Latency (avg): 1779.86 μs Latency (stddev): 4395.77 μs Latency (CV): 246.97% Latency (p50): 987.00 μs Latency (p95): 1248.00 μs Latency (p99): 31199.00 μs Latency (min): 356.00 μs Latency (max): 37626.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 2246389.63 ops/sec Duration: 17.806 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 5012.82 MB Peak VMS: 7473.47 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 6269.77 MB CPU User Time: 220.322 seconds CPU System Time: 34.824 seconds CPU Utilization: 408.8% Database Size: 476.40 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.42x Space Amplification: 0.11x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv *------------------------------------------* TEST: Batch Size 1000 (40M ops, 16 threads) *------------------------------------------* Running TidesDB... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 40000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 16 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: batch_1000_40M_t16 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running TidesDB benchmark... PUT: 1959642.44 ops/sec ITER: 3926536.08 ops/sec (40000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 40000000 Threads: 16 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 1959642.44 ops/sec Duration: 20.412 seconds Latency (avg): 7261.55 μs Latency (stddev): 1288.96 μs Latency (CV): 17.75% Latency (p50): 7340.00 μs Latency (p95): 9290.00 μs Latency (p99): 9958.00 μs Latency (min): 1193.00 μs Latency (max): 15376.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 3926536.08 ops/sec Duration: 10.187 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 8591.50 MB Peak VMS: 9721.17 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 4762.51 MB CPU User Time: 310.200 seconds CPU System Time: 10.658 seconds CPU Utilization: 1048.2% Database Size: 495.45 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.08x Space Amplification: 0.11x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Running RocksDB... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 40000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 16 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: batch_1000_40M_t16 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running RocksDB benchmark... PUT: 673802.11 ops/sec ITER: 2068641.13 ops/sec (40000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 40000000 Threads: 16 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 673802.11 ops/sec Duration: 59.365 seconds Latency (avg): 23740.70 μs Latency (stddev): 1577.17 μs Latency (CV): 6.64% Latency (p50): 23987.00 μs Latency (p95): 25900.00 μs Latency (p99): 26607.00 μs Latency (min): 3760.00 μs Latency (max): 28311.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 2068641.13 ops/sec Duration: 19.336 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 5187.48 MB Peak VMS: 7564.46 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 6823.55 MB CPU User Time: 246.837 seconds CPU System Time: 15.235 seconds CPU Utilization: 332.7% Database Size: 471.91 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.54x Space Amplification: 0.11x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv ### 22. Delete Batch Scaling (Large Scale) ### *------------------------------------------* TEST: Delete Batch=1 (20M ops, 16 threads) *------------------------------------------* Populating TidesDB for delete test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 20000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 16 Batch Size: 1 Test Name: delete_batch_1_20M_t16_populate Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running TidesDB benchmark... PUT: 139896.92 ops/sec ITER: 8415124.84 ops/sec (20000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 20000000 Threads: 16 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 139896.92 ops/sec Duration: 142.962 seconds Latency (avg): 113.48 μs Latency (stddev): 30.30 μs Latency (CV): 26.70% Latency (p50): 116.00 μs Latency (p95): 128.00 μs Latency (p99): 134.00 μs Latency (min): 5.00 μs Latency (max): 25056.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 8415124.84 ops/sec Duration: 2.377 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 474.63 MB Peak VMS: 2031.41 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 4066.38 MB CPU User Time: 193.467 seconds CPU System Time: 2181.216 seconds CPU Utilization: 1603.7% Database Size: 240.85 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.84x Space Amplification: 0.11x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Running TidesDB delete test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 20000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 16 Batch Size: 1 Test Name: delete_batch_1_20M_t16 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Delete-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running TidesDB benchmark... DELETE: [16 threads started] .............................................................................................................................[T0 done] [T1 done] [T2 done] [T3 done] [T4 done] [T5 done] [T6 done] [T7 done] [T8 done] [T9 done] [T10 done] [T11 done] [T12 done] [T13 done] [T14 done] [T15 done] 145506.60 ops/sec ITER: 0.00 ops/sec (0 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 20000000 Threads: 16 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes DELETE Operations: Throughput: 145506.60 ops/sec Duration: 137.451 seconds Latency (avg): 109.36 μs Latency (stddev): 24.64 μs Latency (CV): 22.53% Latency (p50): 111.00 μs Latency (p95): 123.00 μs Latency (p99): 130.00 μs Latency (min): 4.00 μs Latency (max): 47941.00 μs Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 1671.66 MB Peak VMS: 3673.91 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 1163.15 MB CPU User Time: 140.460 seconds CPU System Time: 2088.529 seconds CPU Utilization: 1564.4% Database Size: 298.85 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 0.53x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Populating RocksDB for delete test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 20000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 16 Batch Size: 1 Test Name: delete_batch_1_20M_t16_populate Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running RocksDB benchmark... PUT: 468192.05 ops/sec ITER: 2221278.43 ops/sec (20000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 20000000 Threads: 16 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 468192.05 ops/sec Duration: 42.718 seconds Latency (avg): 33.29 μs Latency (stddev): 7.35 μs Latency (CV): 22.07% Latency (p50): 33.00 μs Latency (p95): 38.00 μs Latency (p99): 42.00 μs Latency (min): 7.00 μs Latency (max): 4552.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 2221278.43 ops/sec Duration: 9.004 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 2780.24 MB Peak VMS: 5294.86 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 3244.24 MB CPU User Time: 340.913 seconds CPU System Time: 412.505 seconds CPU Utilization: 1390.5% Database Size: 225.16 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.47x Space Amplification: 0.10x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Running RocksDB delete test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 20000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 16 Batch Size: 1 Test Name: delete_batch_1_20M_t16 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Delete-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running RocksDB benchmark... DELETE: [16 threads started] .............................................................................................................................[T0 done] [T1 done] [T2 done] [T3 done] [T4 done] [T5 done] [T6 done] [T7 done] [T8 done] [T9 done] [T10 done] [T11 done] [T12 done] [T13 done] [T14 done] [T15 done] 545466.84 ops/sec ITER: 0.00 ops/sec (0 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 20000000 Threads: 16 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes DELETE Operations: Throughput: 545466.84 ops/sec Duration: 36.666 seconds Latency (avg): 28.77 μs Latency (stddev): 3.35 μs Latency (CV): 11.64% Latency (p50): 29.00 μs Latency (p95): 33.00 μs Latency (p99): 37.00 μs Latency (min): 4.00 μs Latency (max): 932.00 μs Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 1663.39 MB Peak VMS: 4247.56 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 938.70 MB CPU User Time: 299.826 seconds CPU System Time: 345.319 seconds CPU Utilization: 1462.7% Database Size: 7.69 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 0.42x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv *------------------------------------------* TEST: Delete Batch=1000 (20M ops, 16 threads) *------------------------------------------* Populating TidesDB for delete test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 20000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 16 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: delete_batch_1000_20M_t16_populate Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running TidesDB benchmark... PUT: 2187026.17 ops/sec ITER: 3022292.12 ops/sec (20000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 20000000 Threads: 16 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 2187026.17 ops/sec Duration: 9.145 seconds Latency (avg): 6382.56 μs Latency (stddev): 1247.86 μs Latency (CV): 19.55% Latency (p50): 6307.00 μs Latency (p95): 8444.00 μs Latency (p99): 9808.00 μs Latency (min): 1189.00 μs Latency (max): 13113.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 3022292.12 ops/sec Duration: 6.617 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 4563.70 MB Peak VMS: 5809.24 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 2433.52 MB CPU User Time: 140.291 seconds CPU System Time: 5.323 seconds CPU Utilization: 923.5% Database Size: 199.93 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.10x Space Amplification: 0.09x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Running TidesDB delete test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 20000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 16 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: delete_batch_1000_20M_t16 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Delete-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running TidesDB benchmark... DELETE: [16 threads started] .............................................................................................................................[T0 done] [T1 done] [T2 done] [T3 done] [T4 done] [T5 done] [T6 done] [T7 done] [T8 done] [T9 done] [T10 done] [T11 done] [T12 done] [T13 done] [T14 done] [T15 done] 2426523.94 ops/sec ITER: 0.00 ops/sec (0 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 20000000 Threads: 16 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes DELETE Operations: Throughput: 2426523.94 ops/sec Duration: 8.242 seconds Latency (avg): 6203.39 μs Latency (stddev): 1737.80 μs Latency (CV): 28.01% Latency (p50): 6100.00 μs Latency (p95): 7987.00 μs Latency (p99): 8696.00 μs Latency (min): 1463.00 μs Latency (max): 116422.00 μs Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 2601.30 MB Peak VMS: 3461.54 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 461.63 MB CPU User Time: 131.715 seconds CPU System Time: 4.342 seconds CPU Utilization: 950.3% Database Size: 361.25 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 0.21x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Populating RocksDB for delete test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 20000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 16 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: delete_batch_1000_20M_t16_populate Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running RocksDB benchmark... PUT: 681006.62 ops/sec ITER: 2085243.50 ops/sec (20000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 20000000 Threads: 16 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 681006.62 ops/sec Duration: 29.368 seconds Latency (avg): 23484.41 μs Latency (stddev): 1564.42 μs Latency (CV): 6.66% Latency (p50): 23713.00 μs Latency (p95): 25675.00 μs Latency (p99): 26394.00 μs Latency (min): 3840.00 μs Latency (max): 33026.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 2085243.50 ops/sec Duration: 9.591 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 2724.22 MB Peak VMS: 5303.27 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 3195.24 MB CPU User Time: 117.402 seconds CPU System Time: 7.612 seconds CPU Utilization: 320.6% Database Size: 249.96 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.44x Space Amplification: 0.11x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Running RocksDB delete test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 20000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 16 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: delete_batch_1000_20M_t16 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Delete-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running RocksDB benchmark... DELETE: [16 threads started] .............................................................................................................................[T0 done] [T1 done] [T2 done] [T3 done] [T4 done] [T5 done] [T6 done] [T7 done] [T8 done] [T9 done] [T10 done] [T11 done] [T12 done] [T13 done] [T14 done] [T15 done] 2413704.34 ops/sec ITER: 0.00 ops/sec (0 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 20000000 Threads: 16 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes DELETE Operations: Throughput: 2413704.34 ops/sec Duration: 8.286 seconds Latency (avg): 6625.70 μs Latency (stddev): 6474.45 μs Latency (CV): 97.72% Latency (p50): 6251.00 μs Latency (p95): 7423.00 μs Latency (p99): 8607.00 μs Latency (min): 1848.00 μs Latency (max): 140821.00 μs Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 2936.43 MB Peak VMS: 5460.48 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 836.97 MB CPU User Time: 97.623 seconds CPU System Time: 4.774 seconds CPU Utilization: 487.3% Database Size: 364.84 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 0.38x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv ### 23. Seek Performance (Large Scale) ### *------------------------------------------* TEST: Random Seek (20M ops, 16 threads) *------------------------------------------* Populating TidesDB for seek test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 20000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 16 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: seek_random_20M_t16_populate Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running TidesDB benchmark... PUT: 2224263.60 ops/sec ITER: 3042679.36 ops/sec (20000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 20000000 Threads: 16 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 2224263.60 ops/sec Duration: 8.992 seconds Latency (avg): 6755.29 μs Latency (stddev): 1183.25 μs Latency (CV): 17.52% Latency (p50): 6686.00 μs Latency (p95): 8641.00 μs Latency (p99): 9469.00 μs Latency (min): 1074.00 μs Latency (max): 12929.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 3042679.36 ops/sec Duration: 6.573 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 4562.71 MB Peak VMS: 5787.35 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 2427.69 MB CPU User Time: 147.155 seconds CPU System Time: 5.834 seconds CPU Utilization: 982.7% Database Size: 198.50 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.10x Space Amplification: 0.09x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Running TidesDB seek test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 20000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 16 Batch Size: 1 Test Name: seek_random_20M_t16 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Seek Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running TidesDB benchmark... SEEK: [16 threads started] [T0 done] [T1 done] [T2 done] [T3 done] [T4 done] [T5 done] [T6 done] [T7 done] [T8 done] [T9 done] [T10 done] [T11 done] [T12 done] [T13 done] [T14 done] [T15 done] 3292032.05 ops/sec ITER: 11733281.39 ops/sec (20000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 20000000 Threads: 16 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes SEEK Operations: Throughput: 3292032.05 ops/sec Duration: 6.075 seconds Latency (avg): 4.21 μs Latency (stddev): 16.60 μs Latency (CV): 394.27% Latency (p50): 4.00 μs Latency (p95): 5.00 μs Latency (p99): 6.00 μs Latency (min): 1.00 μs Latency (max): 1374.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 11733281.39 ops/sec Duration: 1.705 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 3433.55 MB Peak VMS: 3893.48 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 0.00 MB CPU User Time: 85.342 seconds CPU System Time: 4.944 seconds CPU Utilization: 920.8% Database Size: 198.50 MB Amplification Factors: CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Populating RocksDB for seek test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 20000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 16 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: seek_random_20M_t16_populate Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running RocksDB benchmark... PUT: 672913.75 ops/sec ITER: 2245334.20 ops/sec (20000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 20000000 Threads: 16 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 672913.75 ops/sec Duration: 29.721 seconds Latency (avg): 23767.81 μs Latency (stddev): 1745.13 μs Latency (CV): 7.34% Latency (p50): 23993.00 μs Latency (p95): 26281.00 μs Latency (p99): 27484.00 μs Latency (min): 4571.00 μs Latency (max): 33937.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 2245334.20 ops/sec Duration: 8.907 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 2695.86 MB Peak VMS: 5297.73 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 3198.41 MB CPU User Time: 116.562 seconds CPU System Time: 7.052 seconds CPU Utilization: 319.9% Database Size: 249.11 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.45x Space Amplification: 0.11x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Running RocksDB seek test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 20000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 16 Batch Size: 1 Test Name: seek_random_20M_t16 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Seek Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running RocksDB benchmark... SEEK: [16 threads started] [T0 done] [T1 done] [T2 done] [T3 done] [T4 done] [T5 done] [T6 done] [T7 done] [T8 done] [T9 done] [T10 done] [T11 done] [T12 done] [T13 done] [T14 done] [T15 done] 771555.79 ops/sec ITER: 2844901.25 ops/sec (20000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 20000000 Threads: 16 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes SEEK Operations: Throughput: 771555.79 ops/sec Duration: 25.922 seconds Latency (avg): 19.65 μs Latency (stddev): 22.20 μs Latency (CV): 112.96% Latency (p50): 18.00 μs Latency (p95): 22.00 μs Latency (p99): 60.00 μs Latency (min): 8.00 μs Latency (max): 1220.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 2844901.25 ops/sec Duration: 7.030 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 4880.23 MB Peak VMS: 7291.89 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 174.93 MB CPU User Time: 388.867 seconds CPU System Time: 17.634 seconds CPU Utilization: 1154.7% Database Size: 175.23 MB Amplification Factors: CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv *------------------------------------------* TEST: Sequential Seek (20M ops, 16 threads) *------------------------------------------* Populating TidesDB for seek test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 20000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 16 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: seek_seq_20M_t16_populate Key Pattern: Sequential Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running TidesDB benchmark... PUT: 3752724.71 ops/sec ITER: 10450445.55 ops/sec (20000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 20000000 Threads: 16 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 3752724.71 ops/sec Duration: 5.329 seconds Latency (avg): 3922.02 μs Latency (stddev): 1174.93 μs Latency (CV): 29.96% Latency (p50): 3654.00 μs Latency (p95): 5840.00 μs Latency (p99): 7678.00 μs Latency (min): 931.00 μs Latency (max): 12922.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 10450445.55 ops/sec Duration: 1.914 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 4562.94 MB Peak VMS: 5603.76 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 2403.32 MB CPU User Time: 80.828 seconds CPU System Time: 4.556 seconds CPU Utilization: 1178.1% Database Size: 222.57 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.09x Space Amplification: 0.10x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Running TidesDB seek test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 20000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 16 Batch Size: 1 Test Name: seek_seq_20M_t16 Key Pattern: Sequential Workload: Seek Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running TidesDB benchmark... SEEK: [16 threads started] [T0 done] [T1 done] [T2 done] [T3 done] [T4 done] [T5 done] [T6 done] [T7 done] [T8 done] [T9 done] [T10 done] [T11 done] [T12 done] [T13 done] [T14 done] [T15 done] 6156196.87 ops/sec ITER: 11782775.11 ops/sec (20000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 20000000 Threads: 16 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes SEEK Operations: Throughput: 6156196.87 ops/sec Duration: 3.249 seconds Latency (avg): 2.19 μs Latency (stddev): 4.47 μs Latency (CV): 203.69% Latency (p50): 2.00 μs Latency (p95): 3.00 μs Latency (p99): 4.00 μs Latency (min): 0.00 μs Latency (max): 872.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 11782775.11 ops/sec Duration: 1.697 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 3410.06 MB Peak VMS: 4213.48 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 0.00 MB CPU User Time: 51.554 seconds CPU System Time: 2.100 seconds CPU Utilization: 780.8% Database Size: 222.57 MB Amplification Factors: CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Populating RocksDB for seek test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 20000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 16 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: seek_seq_20M_t16_populate Key Pattern: Sequential Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running RocksDB benchmark... PUT: 784429.85 ops/sec ITER: 2481071.90 ops/sec (20000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 20000000 Threads: 16 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 784429.85 ops/sec Duration: 25.496 seconds Latency (avg): 20388.83 μs Latency (stddev): 1338.16 μs Latency (CV): 6.56% Latency (p50): 20442.00 μs Latency (p95): 22493.00 μs Latency (p99): 23601.00 μs Latency (min): 2628.00 μs Latency (max): 31667.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 2481071.90 ops/sec Duration: 8.061 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 2551.20 MB Peak VMS: 5114.94 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 3635.93 MB CPU User Time: 102.393 seconds CPU System Time: 7.500 seconds CPU Utilization: 327.1% Database Size: 391.92 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.64x Space Amplification: 0.18x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Running RocksDB seek test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 20000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 16 Batch Size: 1 Test Name: seek_seq_20M_t16 Key Pattern: Sequential Workload: Seek Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running RocksDB benchmark... SEEK: [16 threads started] [T0 done] [T1 done] [T2 done] [T3 done] [T4 done] [T5 done] [T6 done] [T7 done] [T8 done] [T9 done] [T10 done] [T11 done] [T12 done] [T13 done] [T14 done] [T15 done] 2158989.73 ops/sec ITER: 3433714.54 ops/sec (20000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 20000000 Threads: 16 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes SEEK Operations: Throughput: 2158989.73 ops/sec Duration: 9.264 seconds Latency (avg): 6.53 μs Latency (stddev): 2.29 μs Latency (CV): 35.11% Latency (p50): 6.00 μs Latency (p95): 9.00 μs Latency (p99): 17.00 μs Latency (min): 2.00 μs Latency (max): 1420.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 3433714.54 ops/sec Duration: 5.825 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 2789.09 MB Peak VMS: 5391.57 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 75.52 MB CPU User Time: 142.467 seconds CPU System Time: 4.102 seconds CPU Utilization: 864.8% Database Size: 362.46 MB Amplification Factors: CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv *------------------------------------------* TEST: Zipfian Seek (20M ops, 16 threads) *------------------------------------------* Populating TidesDB for seek test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 20000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 16 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: seek_zipfian_20M_t16_populate Key Pattern: Zipfian (hot keys) Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running TidesDB benchmark... PUT: 1267815.34 ops/sec ITER: 1896295.85 ops/sec (2860659 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 20000000 Threads: 16 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 1267815.34 ops/sec Duration: 15.775 seconds Latency (avg): 12052.20 μs Latency (stddev): 5452.23 μs Latency (CV): 45.24% Latency (p50): 12639.00 μs Latency (p95): 16320.00 μs Latency (p99): 18072.00 μs Latency (min): 1847.00 μs Latency (max): 629589.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 1896295.85 ops/sec Duration: 1.509 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 1681.11 MB Peak VMS: 2771.96 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 2523.49 MB CPU User Time: 140.592 seconds CPU System Time: 109.793 seconds CPU Utilization: 1448.4% Database Size: 98.89 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.14x Space Amplification: 0.04x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Running TidesDB seek test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 20000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 16 Batch Size: 1 Test Name: seek_zipfian_20M_t16 Key Pattern: Zipfian (hot keys) Workload: Seek Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running TidesDB benchmark... SEEK: [16 threads started] [T0 done] [T1 done] [T2 done] [T3 done] [T4 done] [T5 done] [T6 done] [T7 done] [T8 done] [T9 done] [T10 done] [T11 done] [T12 done] [T13 done] [T14 done] [T15 done] 1149695.47 ops/sec ITER: 4915770.66 ops/sec (2860659 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 20000000 Threads: 16 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes SEEK Operations: Throughput: 1149695.47 ops/sec Duration: 17.396 seconds Latency (avg): 9.41 μs Latency (stddev): 11.23 μs Latency (CV): 119.36% Latency (p50): 10.00 μs Latency (p95): 12.00 μs Latency (p99): 13.00 μs Latency (min): 1.00 μs Latency (max): 2504.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 4915770.66 ops/sec Duration: 0.582 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 1048.88 MB Peak VMS: 1263.91 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 0.00 MB CPU User Time: 205.515 seconds CPU System Time: 55.788 seconds CPU Utilization: 1289.8% Database Size: 98.89 MB Amplification Factors: CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Populating RocksDB for seek test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 20000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 16 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: seek_zipfian_20M_t16_populate Key Pattern: Zipfian (hot keys) Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running RocksDB benchmark... PUT: 566330.03 ops/sec ITER: 1242611.70 ops/sec (2861480 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 20000000 Threads: 16 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 566330.03 ops/sec Duration: 35.315 seconds Latency (avg): 28179.67 μs Latency (stddev): 4124.13 μs Latency (CV): 14.64% Latency (p50): 28754.00 μs Latency (p95): 31611.00 μs Latency (p99): 32343.00 μs Latency (min): 3497.00 μs Latency (max): 452701.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 1242611.70 ops/sec Duration: 2.303 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 875.35 MB Peak VMS: 3460.30 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 3293.63 MB CPU User Time: 116.028 seconds CPU System Time: 9.607 seconds CPU Utilization: 333.8% Database Size: 110.67 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.49x Space Amplification: 0.05x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Running RocksDB seek test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 20000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 16 Batch Size: 1 Test Name: seek_zipfian_20M_t16 Key Pattern: Zipfian (hot keys) Workload: Seek Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running RocksDB benchmark... SEEK: [16 threads started] [T0 done] [T1 done] [T2 done] [T3 done] [T4 done] [T5 done] [T6 done] [T7 done] [T8 done] [T9 done] [T10 done] [T11 done] [T12 done] [T13 done] [T14 done] [T15 done] 1182458.49 ops/sec ITER: 3081024.57 ops/sec (2861480 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 20000000 Threads: 16 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes SEEK Operations: Throughput: 1182458.49 ops/sec Duration: 16.914 seconds Latency (avg): 8.13 μs Latency (stddev): 5.67 μs Latency (CV): 69.79% Latency (p50): 8.00 μs Latency (p95): 10.00 μs Latency (p99): 11.00 μs Latency (min): 1.00 μs Latency (max): 549.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 3081024.57 ops/sec Duration: 0.929 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 474.78 MB Peak VMS: 2961.16 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 0.00 MB CPU User Time: 184.382 seconds CPU System Time: 68.496 seconds CPU Utilization: 1263.3% Database Size: 83.14 MB Amplification Factors: CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv ### 24. Range Query Performance (Large Scale) ### *------------------------------------------* TEST: Range Scan 100 keys (4M ops, 16 threads) *------------------------------------------* Populating TidesDB for range test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 4000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 16 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: range_random_100_4M_t16_populate Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running TidesDB benchmark... PUT: 2464058.62 ops/sec ITER: 3999444.08 ops/sec (4000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 4000000 Threads: 16 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 2464058.62 ops/sec Duration: 1.623 seconds Latency (avg): 5953.16 μs Latency (stddev): 1148.41 μs Latency (CV): 19.29% Latency (p50): 5962.00 μs Latency (p95): 7730.00 μs Latency (p99): 8905.00 μs Latency (min): 1028.00 μs Latency (max): 12847.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 3999444.08 ops/sec Duration: 1.000 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 845.86 MB Peak VMS: 1338.12 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 482.55 MB CPU User Time: 25.761 seconds CPU System Time: 1.176 seconds CPU Utilization: 1026.4% Database Size: 35.05 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.09x Space Amplification: 0.08x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Running TidesDB range test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 4000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 16 Batch Size: 1 Test Name: range_random_100_4M_t16 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Range Query Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running TidesDB benchmark... RANGE: [16 threads started] [T0 done] [T1 done] [T2 done] [T3 done] [T4 done] [T5 done] [T6 done] [T7 done] [T8 done] [T9 done] [T10 done] [T11 done] [T12 done] [T13 done] [T14 done] [T15 done] 644667.60 ops/sec ITER: 9584787.03 ops/sec (4000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 4000000 Threads: 16 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes RANGE Query Operations: Throughput: 644667.60 ops/sec Duration: 6.205 seconds Latency (avg): 23.11 μs Latency (stddev): 23.01 μs Latency (CV): 99.54% Latency (p50): 20.00 μs Latency (p95): 54.00 μs Latency (p99): 61.00 μs Latency (min): 10.00 μs Latency (max): 3375.00 μs Keys per range: 100 ITERATION: Throughput: 9584787.03 ops/sec Duration: 0.417 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 726.36 MB Peak VMS: 1123.52 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 0.00 MB CPU User Time: 91.249 seconds CPU System Time: 2.877 seconds CPU Utilization: 1336.1% Database Size: 35.05 MB Amplification Factors: CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Populating RocksDB for range test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 4000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 16 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: range_random_100_4M_t16_populate Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running RocksDB benchmark... PUT: 668806.18 ops/sec ITER: 2041735.11 ops/sec (4000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 4000000 Threads: 16 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 668806.18 ops/sec Duration: 5.981 seconds Latency (avg): 23874.92 μs Latency (stddev): 1796.10 μs Latency (CV): 7.52% Latency (p50): 23991.00 μs Latency (p95): 26351.00 μs Latency (p99): 27159.00 μs Latency (min): 2943.00 μs Latency (max): 27883.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 2041735.11 ops/sec Duration: 1.959 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 595.29 MB Peak VMS: 3349.57 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 550.97 MB CPU User Time: 19.104 seconds CPU System Time: 1.461 seconds CPU Utilization: 259.0% Database Size: 70.07 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.25x Space Amplification: 0.16x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Running RocksDB range test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 4000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 16 Batch Size: 1 Test Name: range_random_100_4M_t16 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Range Query Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running RocksDB benchmark... RANGE: [16 threads started] [T0 done] [T1 done] [T2 done] [T3 done] [T4 done] [T5 done] [T6 done] [T7 done] [T8 done] [T9 done] [T10 done] [T11 done] [T12 done] [T13 done] [T14 done] [T15 done] 278119.36 ops/sec ITER: 2822245.79 ops/sec (4000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 4000000 Threads: 16 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes RANGE Query Operations: Throughput: 278119.36 ops/sec Duration: 14.382 seconds Latency (avg): 54.29 μs Latency (stddev): 28.93 μs Latency (CV): 53.28% Latency (p50): 52.00 μs Latency (p95): 57.00 μs Latency (p99): 83.00 μs Latency (min): 8.00 μs Latency (max): 1774.00 μs Keys per range: 100 ITERATION: Throughput: 2822245.79 ops/sec Duration: 1.417 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 974.23 MB Peak VMS: 3365.08 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 35.07 MB CPU User Time: 217.983 seconds CPU System Time: 2.770 seconds CPU Utilization: 1359.8% Database Size: 35.18 MB Amplification Factors: CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv *------------------------------------------* TEST: Range Scan 1000 keys (2M ops, 16 threads) *------------------------------------------* Populating TidesDB for range test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 2000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 16 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: range_random_1000_2M_t16_populate Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running TidesDB benchmark... PUT: 2727794.73 ops/sec ITER: 4914922.69 ops/sec (2000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 2000000 Threads: 16 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 2727794.73 ops/sec Duration: 0.733 seconds Latency (avg): 5223.18 μs Latency (stddev): 1161.51 μs Latency (CV): 22.24% Latency (p50): 5114.00 μs Latency (p95): 6811.00 μs Latency (p99): 9329.00 μs Latency (min): 1078.00 μs Latency (max): 13266.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 4914922.69 ops/sec Duration: 0.407 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 503.91 MB Peak VMS: 1211.15 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 237.38 MB CPU User Time: 10.630 seconds CPU System Time: 0.710 seconds CPU Utilization: 994.1% Database Size: 17.79 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.07x Space Amplification: 0.08x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Running TidesDB range test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 2000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 16 Batch Size: 1 Test Name: range_random_1000_2M_t16 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Range Query Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running TidesDB benchmark... RANGE: [16 threads started] [T0 done] [T1 done] [T2 done] [T3 done] [T4 done] [T5 done] [T6 done] [T7 done] [T8 done] [T9 done] [T10 done] [T11 done] [T12 done] [T13 done] [T14 done] [T15 done] 113597.77 ops/sec ITER: 10039505.45 ops/sec (2000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 2000000 Threads: 16 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes RANGE Query Operations: Throughput: 113597.77 ops/sec Duration: 17.606 seconds Latency (avg): 135.22 μs Latency (stddev): 38.29 μs Latency (CV): 28.32% Latency (p50): 140.00 μs Latency (p95): 183.00 μs Latency (p99): 189.00 μs Latency (min): 9.00 μs Latency (max): 4154.00 μs Keys per range: 1000 ITERATION: Throughput: 10039505.45 ops/sec Duration: 0.199 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 398.92 MB Peak VMS: 1120.82 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 0.00 MB CPU User Time: 261.356 seconds CPU System Time: 10.205 seconds CPU Utilization: 1501.9% Database Size: 17.79 MB Amplification Factors: CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Populating RocksDB for range test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 2000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 16 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: range_random_1000_2M_t16_populate Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running RocksDB benchmark... PUT: 662860.52 ops/sec ITER: 2102068.01 ops/sec (2000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 2000000 Threads: 16 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 662860.52 ops/sec Duration: 3.017 seconds Latency (avg): 24049.35 μs Latency (stddev): 1967.65 μs Latency (CV): 8.18% Latency (p50): 24280.00 μs Latency (p95): 26493.00 μs Latency (p99): 26764.00 μs Latency (min): 3562.00 μs Latency (max): 26935.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 2102068.01 ops/sec Duration: 0.951 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 271.57 MB Peak VMS: 3071.70 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 264.40 MB CPU User Time: 8.953 seconds CPU System Time: 0.740 seconds CPU Utilization: 244.0% Database Size: 40.66 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.20x Space Amplification: 0.18x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Running RocksDB range test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 2000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 16 Batch Size: 1 Test Name: range_random_1000_2M_t16 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Range Query Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running RocksDB benchmark... RANGE: [16 threads started] [T0 done] [T1 done] [T2 done] [T3 done] [T4 done] [T5 done] [T6 done] [T7 done] [T8 done] [T9 done] [T10 done] [T11 done] [T12 done] [T13 done] [T14 done] [T15 done] 40337.08 ops/sec ITER: 2824643.32 ops/sec (2000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 2000000 Threads: 16 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes RANGE Query Operations: Throughput: 40337.08 ops/sec Duration: 49.582 seconds Latency (avg): 391.71 μs Latency (stddev): 64.32 μs Latency (CV): 16.42% Latency (p50): 389.00 μs Latency (p95): 400.00 μs Latency (p99): 407.00 μs Latency (min): 6.00 μs Latency (max): 4368.00 μs Keys per range: 1000 ITERATION: Throughput: 2824643.32 ops/sec Duration: 0.708 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 508.09 MB Peak VMS: 3137.47 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 18.17 MB CPU User Time: 783.175 seconds CPU System Time: 1.711 seconds CPU Utilization: 1552.6% Database Size: 18.25 MB Amplification Factors: CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv *------------------------------------------* TEST: Sequential Range Scan 100 keys (4M ops, 16 threads) *------------------------------------------* Populating TidesDB for range test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 4000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 16 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: range_seq_100_4M_t16_populate Key Pattern: Sequential Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running TidesDB benchmark... PUT: 3811509.42 ops/sec ITER: 10069225.93 ops/sec (4000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 4000000 Threads: 16 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 3811509.42 ops/sec Duration: 1.049 seconds Latency (avg): 3671.80 μs Latency (stddev): 1341.88 μs Latency (CV): 36.55% Latency (p50): 3456.00 μs Latency (p95): 5972.00 μs Latency (p99): 7796.00 μs Latency (min): 1022.00 μs Latency (max): 11895.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 10069225.93 ops/sec Duration: 0.397 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 816.93 MB Peak VMS: 1307.85 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 488.05 MB CPU User Time: 15.203 seconds CPU System Time: 0.958 seconds CPU Utilization: 1116.1% Database Size: 44.24 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.10x Space Amplification: 0.10x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Running TidesDB range test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 4000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 16 Batch Size: 1 Test Name: range_seq_100_4M_t16 Key Pattern: Sequential Workload: Range Query Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running TidesDB benchmark... RANGE: [16 threads started] [T0 done] [T1 done] [T2 done] [T3 done] [T4 done] [T5 done] [T6 done] [T7 done] [T8 done] [T9 done] [T10 done] [T11 done] [T12 done] [T13 done] [T14 done] [T15 done] 1057314.09 ops/sec ITER: 9579530.46 ops/sec (4000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 4000000 Threads: 16 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes RANGE Query Operations: Throughput: 1057314.09 ops/sec Duration: 3.783 seconds Latency (avg): 14.30 μs Latency (stddev): 10.91 μs Latency (CV): 76.31% Latency (p50): 11.00 μs Latency (p95): 41.00 μs Latency (p99): 44.00 μs Latency (min): 4.00 μs Latency (max): 2743.00 μs Keys per range: 100 ITERATION: Throughput: 9579530.46 ops/sec Duration: 0.418 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 718.45 MB Peak VMS: 1123.80 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 0.00 MB CPU User Time: 57.392 seconds CPU System Time: 2.026 seconds CPU Utilization: 1304.5% Database Size: 44.24 MB Amplification Factors: CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Populating RocksDB for range test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 4000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 16 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: range_seq_100_4M_t16_populate Key Pattern: Sequential Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running RocksDB benchmark... PUT: 796801.16 ops/sec ITER: 2520428.07 ops/sec (4000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 4000000 Threads: 16 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 796801.16 ops/sec Duration: 5.020 seconds Latency (avg): 20041.49 μs Latency (stddev): 1418.43 μs Latency (CV): 7.08% Latency (p50): 20035.00 μs Latency (p95): 22002.00 μs Latency (p99): 23122.00 μs Latency (min): 2471.00 μs Latency (max): 24176.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 2520428.07 ops/sec Duration: 1.587 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 591.49 MB Peak VMS: 3335.14 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 612.73 MB CPU User Time: 15.927 seconds CPU System Time: 1.385 seconds CPU Utilization: 262.0% Database Size: 102.45 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.38x Space Amplification: 0.23x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Running RocksDB range test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 4000000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 16 Batch Size: 1 Test Name: range_seq_100_4M_t16 Key Pattern: Sequential Workload: Range Query Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running RocksDB benchmark... RANGE: [16 threads started] [T0 done] [T1 done] [T2 done] [T3 done] [T4 done] [T5 done] [T6 done] [T7 done] [T8 done] [T9 done] [T10 done] [T11 done] [T12 done] [T13 done] [T14 done] [T15 done] 396642.46 ops/sec ITER: 2761948.36 ops/sec (4000000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 4000000 Threads: 16 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes RANGE Query Operations: Throughput: 396642.46 ops/sec Duration: 10.085 seconds Latency (avg): 36.33 μs Latency (stddev): 4.38 μs Latency (CV): 12.07% Latency (p50): 36.00 μs Latency (p95): 43.00 μs Latency (p99): 54.00 μs Latency (min): 3.00 μs Latency (max): 940.00 μs Keys per range: 100 ITERATION: Throughput: 2761948.36 ops/sec Duration: 1.448 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 970.81 MB Peak VMS: 3358.09 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 69.70 MB CPU User Time: 150.027 seconds CPU System Time: 1.274 seconds CPU Utilization: 1267.2% Database Size: 69.80 MB Amplification Factors: CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv ========================================== DURABILITY TESTS (sync enabled, 64MB cache) ========================================== ### 25. Synced Write Scaling ### Testing durable writes with sync enabled, scaling ops and threads *------------------------------------------* TEST: Synced Random Write (25K ops, 1 thread, batch=1000) *------------------------------------------* Running TidesDB... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 25000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 1 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: sync_write_random_25K_t1_b1000 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Enabled (durable) Running TidesDB benchmark... PUT: 606045.91 ops/sec ITER: 5009016.23 ops/sec (25000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 25000 Threads: 1 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 606045.91 ops/sec Duration: 0.041 seconds Latency (avg): 1638.92 μs Latency (stddev): 442.87 μs Latency (CV): 27.02% Latency (p50): 1920.00 μs Latency (p95): 2094.00 μs Latency (p99): 2326.00 μs Latency (min): 1084.00 μs Latency (max): 2326.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 5009016.23 ops/sec Duration: 0.005 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 34.97 MB Peak VMS: 133.50 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 2.86 MB CPU User Time: 0.042 seconds CPU System Time: 0.004 seconds CPU Utilization: 99.9% Database Size: 0.24 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.03x Space Amplification: 0.09x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Running RocksDB... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 25000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 1 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: sync_write_random_25K_t1_b1000 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Enabled (durable) Running RocksDB benchmark... PUT: 159932.44 ops/sec ITER: 2249820.01 ops/sec (25000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 25000 Threads: 1 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 159932.44 ops/sec Duration: 0.156 seconds Latency (avg): 6242.52 μs Latency (stddev): 330.03 μs Latency (CV): 5.29% Latency (p50): 6362.00 μs Latency (p95): 6581.00 μs Latency (p99): 6646.00 μs Latency (min): 5313.00 μs Latency (max): 6646.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 2249820.01 ops/sec Duration: 0.011 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 20.07 MB Peak VMS: 2010.29 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 2.93 MB CPU User Time: 0.087 seconds CPU System Time: 0.004 seconds CPU Utilization: 54.2% Database Size: 2.88 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.06x Space Amplification: 1.04x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv *------------------------------------------* TEST: Synced Random Write (50K ops, 4 threads, batch=1000) *------------------------------------------* Running TidesDB... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 50000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 4 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: sync_write_random_50K_t4_b1000 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Enabled (durable) Running TidesDB benchmark... PUT: 1436080.08 ops/sec ITER: 5372877.71 ops/sec (50000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 50000 Threads: 4 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 1436080.08 ops/sec Duration: 0.035 seconds Latency (avg): 2342.21 μs Latency (stddev): 750.84 μs Latency (CV): 32.06% Latency (p50): 2408.00 μs Latency (p95): 3513.00 μs Latency (p99): 4041.00 μs Latency (min): 621.00 μs Latency (max): 4041.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 5372877.71 ops/sec Duration: 0.009 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 42.38 MB Peak VMS: 349.91 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 5.72 MB CPU User Time: 0.100 seconds CPU System Time: 0.032 seconds CPU Utilization: 297.2% Database Size: 0.51 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.03x Space Amplification: 0.09x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Running RocksDB... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 50000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 4 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: sync_write_random_50K_t4_b1000 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Enabled (durable) Running RocksDB benchmark... PUT: 321990.68 ops/sec ITER: 2232840.62 ops/sec (50000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 50000 Threads: 4 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 321990.68 ops/sec Duration: 0.155 seconds Latency (avg): 11579.60 μs Latency (stddev): 1547.19 μs Latency (CV): 13.36% Latency (p50): 11610.00 μs Latency (p95): 14704.00 μs Latency (p99): 16128.00 μs Latency (min): 4777.00 μs Latency (max): 16128.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 2232840.62 ops/sec Duration: 0.022 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 25.10 MB Peak VMS: 2149.39 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 5.78 MB CPU User Time: 0.153 seconds CPU System Time: 0.022 seconds CPU Utilization: 98.5% Database Size: 5.71 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.05x Space Amplification: 1.03x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv *------------------------------------------* TEST: Synced Random Write (100K ops, 8 threads, batch=1000) *------------------------------------------* Running TidesDB... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 100000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: sync_write_random_100K_t8_b1000 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Enabled (durable) Running TidesDB benchmark... PUT: 1880618.35 ops/sec ITER: 3886513.80 ops/sec (100000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 100000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 1880618.35 ops/sec Duration: 0.053 seconds Latency (avg): 3682.27 μs Latency (stddev): 1228.88 μs Latency (CV): 33.37% Latency (p50): 3857.00 μs Latency (p95): 6540.00 μs Latency (p99): 6648.00 μs Latency (min): 720.00 μs Latency (max): 6674.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 3886513.80 ops/sec Duration: 0.026 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 55.35 MB Peak VMS: 606.29 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 11.45 MB CPU User Time: 0.348 seconds CPU System Time: 0.056 seconds CPU Utilization: 510.8% Database Size: 1.00 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.03x Space Amplification: 0.09x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Running RocksDB... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 100000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: sync_write_random_100K_t8_b1000 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Enabled (durable) Running RocksDB benchmark... PUT: 319022.01 ops/sec ITER: 2216999.96 ops/sec (100000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 100000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 319022.01 ops/sec Duration: 0.313 seconds Latency (avg): 23551.45 μs Latency (stddev): 3293.24 μs Latency (CV): 13.98% Latency (p50): 24384.00 μs Latency (p95): 25525.00 μs Latency (p99): 25834.00 μs Latency (min): 5422.00 μs Latency (max): 30166.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 2216999.96 ops/sec Duration: 0.045 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 32.27 MB Peak VMS: 2412.80 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 11.55 MB CPU User Time: 0.312 seconds CPU System Time: 0.055 seconds CPU Utilization: 102.3% Database Size: 11.39 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.04x Space Amplification: 1.03x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv *------------------------------------------* TEST: Synced Random Write (500K ops, 16 threads, batch=1000) *------------------------------------------* Running TidesDB... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 500000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 16 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: sync_write_random_500K_t16_b1000 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Enabled (durable) Running TidesDB benchmark... PUT: 2808752.07 ops/sec ITER: 4808802.03 ops/sec (500000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v8.3.2) Operations: 500000 Threads: 16 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 2808752.07 ops/sec Duration: 0.178 seconds Latency (avg): 5066.08 μs Latency (stddev): 1678.67 μs Latency (CV): 33.14% Latency (p50): 5110.00 μs Latency (p95): 7944.00 μs Latency (p99): 10668.00 μs Latency (min): 568.00 μs Latency (max): 12430.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 4808802.03 ops/sec Duration: 0.104 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 150.37 MB Peak VMS: 1117.52 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 57.58 MB CPU User Time: 2.495 seconds CPU System Time: 0.147 seconds CPU Utilization: 935.9% Database Size: 4.65 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.04x Space Amplification: 0.08x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv Running RocksDB... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 500000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 16 Batch Size: 1000 Test Name: sync_write_random_500K_t16_b1000 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Enabled (durable) Running RocksDB benchmark... PUT: 302104.95 ops/sec ITER: 1828420.98 ops/sec (500000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (v10.10.1) Operations: 500000 Threads: 16 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 302104.95 ops/sec Duration: 1.655 seconds Latency (avg): 51521.90 μs Latency (stddev): 6732.84 μs Latency (CV): 13.07% Latency (p50): 52686.00 μs Latency (p95): 57910.00 μs Latency (p99): 62034.00 μs Latency (min): 6926.00 μs Latency (max): 62444.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 1828420.98 ops/sec Duration: 0.273 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 28.11 MB Peak VMS: 2916.11 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 64.30 MB CPU User Time: 2.088 seconds CPU System Time: 0.233 seconds CPU Utilization: 119.9% Database Size: 10.56 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.16x Space Amplification: 0.19x CSV exported to: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv *------------------------------------------* RUNNER Complete Results: Text: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.txt CSV: tidesdb_rocksdb_benchmark_results_20260212_194339.csv *------------------------------------------*