=================================== Large Value (1GB) Benchmark TidesDB vs RocksDB Comparison Date: Fri Jan 2 05:44:21 PM EST 2026 Sync Mode: DISABLED (maximum performance) Value Size: 1GB (1073741824 bytes) Key Size: 256 bytes Operations: 10 Threads: 1 Total Data: ~10GB =================================== ### 1. TidesDB - PUT Performance (10 x 1GB) ### ======================================== TEST: TidesDB 1GB PUT ======================================== Running tidesdb PUT (sequential, 10 x 1GB values)... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v7.0.10) Operations: 10 Key Size: 256 bytes Value Size: 1073741824 bytes Threads: 1 Batch Size: 1 Key Pattern: Sequential Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running TidesDB benchmark... PUT: 0.28 ops/sec ITER: 1.82 ops/sec (10 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v7.0.10) Operations: 10 Threads: 1 Key Size: 256 bytes Value Size: 1073741824 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 0.28 ops/sec Duration: 35.496 seconds Latency (avg): 2539043.10 μs Latency (p50): 2321236.00 μs Latency (p95): 5065783.00 μs Latency (p99): 5065783.00 μs Latency (min): 2059610.00 μs Latency (max): 5065783.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 1.82 ops/sec Duration: 5.484 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 1059.01 MB Peak VMS: 1421.45 MB Disk Reads: 0.23 MB Disk Writes: 10328.64 MB CPU User Time: 24.252 seconds CPU System Time: 38.262 seconds CPU Utilization: 138.3% Database Size: 40.16 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.01x Space Amplification: 0.00x ### 2. RocksDB - PUT Performance (10 x 1GB) ### ======================================== TEST: RocksDB 1GB PUT ======================================== Cleaning up /media/agpmastersystem/c794105c-0cd9-4be9-8369-ee6d6e707d68/home/db-bench... Running rocksdb PUT (sequential, 10 x 1GB values)... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (vunknown) Operations: 10 Key Size: 256 bytes Value Size: 1073741824 bytes Threads: 1 Batch Size: 1 Key Pattern: Sequential Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running RocksDB benchmark... PUT: 0.44 ops/sec ITER: 5.03 ops/sec (10 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (vunknown) Operations: 10 Threads: 1 Key Size: 256 bytes Value Size: 1073741824 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 0.44 ops/sec Duration: 22.780 seconds Latency (avg): 1258663.50 μs Latency (p50): 1165670.00 μs Latency (p95): 1755898.00 μs Latency (p99): 1755898.00 μs Latency (min): 1135322.00 μs Latency (max): 1755898.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 5.03 ops/sec Duration: 1.990 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 6166.19 MB Peak VMS: 6987.26 MB Disk Reads: 0.44 MB Disk Writes: 10278.54 MB CPU User Time: 16.432 seconds CPU System Time: 17.759 seconds CPU Utilization: 137.9% Database Size: 1060.46 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.00x Space Amplification: 0.10x ### 3. TidesDB - GET Performance (10 x 1GB) ### ======================================== TEST: TidesDB 1GB GET ======================================== Cleaning up /media/agpmastersystem/c794105c-0cd9-4be9-8369-ee6d6e707d68/home/db-bench... Populating tidesdb for GET test (sequential write)... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v7.0.10) Operations: 10 Key Size: 256 bytes Value Size: 1073741824 bytes Threads: 1 Batch Size: 1 Key Pattern: Sequential Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running TidesDB benchmark... PUT: 0.31 ops/sec ITER: 1.86 ops/sec (10 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v7.0.10) Operations: 10 Threads: 1 Key Size: 256 bytes Value Size: 1073741824 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 0.31 ops/sec Duration: 32.311 seconds Latency (avg): 2227464.70 μs Latency (p50): 2256823.00 μs Latency (p95): 2359382.00 μs Latency (p99): 2359382.00 μs Latency (min): 2100580.00 μs Latency (max): 2359382.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 1.86 ops/sec Duration: 5.363 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 1046.05 MB Peak VMS: 1357.45 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 10328.64 MB CPU User Time: 23.953 seconds CPU System Time: 36.309 seconds CPU Utilization: 144.2% Database Size: 40.16 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.01x Space Amplification: 0.00x Running tidesdb GET (sequential read, 10 x 1GB values)... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v7.0.10) Operations: 10 Key Size: 256 bytes Value Size: 1073741824 bytes Threads: 1 Batch Size: 1 Key Pattern: Sequential Workload: Read-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running TidesDB benchmark... GET: 1.49 ops/sec ITER: 1.32 ops/sec (10 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v7.0.10) Operations: 10 Threads: 1 Key Size: 256 bytes Value Size: 1073741824 bytes GET Operations: Throughput: 1.49 ops/sec Duration: 6.690 seconds Latency (avg): 620676.00 μs Latency (p50): 621420.00 μs Latency (p95): 651038.00 μs Latency (p99): 651038.00 μs Latency (min): 600931.00 μs Latency (max): 651038.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 1.32 ops/sec Duration: 7.565 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 25.09 MB Peak VMS: 141.50 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 0.00 MB CPU User Time: 3.735 seconds CPU System Time: 12.372 seconds CPU Utilization: 100.0% Database Size: 40.16 MB Amplification Factors: ### 4. RocksDB - GET Performance (10 x 1GB) ### ======================================== TEST: RocksDB 1GB GET ======================================== Cleaning up /media/agpmastersystem/c794105c-0cd9-4be9-8369-ee6d6e707d68/home/db-bench... Populating rocksdb for GET test (sequential write)... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (vunknown) Operations: 10 Key Size: 256 bytes Value Size: 1073741824 bytes Threads: 1 Batch Size: 1 Key Pattern: Sequential Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running RocksDB benchmark... PUT: 0.45 ops/sec ITER: 4.64 ops/sec (10 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (vunknown) Operations: 10 Threads: 1 Key Size: 256 bytes Value Size: 1073741824 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 0.45 ops/sec Duration: 22.011 seconds Latency (avg): 1189672.50 μs Latency (p50): 1162824.00 μs Latency (p95): 1532325.00 μs Latency (p99): 1532325.00 μs Latency (min): 1120664.00 μs Latency (max): 1532325.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 4.64 ops/sec Duration: 2.154 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 6166.07 MB Peak VMS: 6923.26 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 10278.54 MB CPU User Time: 16.144 seconds CPU System Time: 17.509 seconds CPU Utilization: 139.1% Database Size: 1060.46 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.00x Space Amplification: 0.10x Running rocksdb GET (sequential read, 10 x 1GB values)... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (vunknown) Operations: 10 Key Size: 256 bytes Value Size: 1073741824 bytes Threads: 1 Batch Size: 1 Key Pattern: Sequential Workload: Read-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running RocksDB benchmark... GET: 1.07 ops/sec ITER: 3.98 ops/sec (10 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (vunknown) Operations: 10 Threads: 1 Key Size: 256 bytes Value Size: 1073741824 bytes GET Operations: Throughput: 1.07 ops/sec Duration: 9.365 seconds Latency (avg): 912255.70 μs Latency (p50): 914934.00 μs Latency (p95): 955871.00 μs Latency (p99): 955871.00 μs Latency (min): 880739.00 μs Latency (max): 955871.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 3.98 ops/sec Duration: 2.512 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 3095.21 MB Peak VMS: 4299.25 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 0.00 MB CPU User Time: 3.112 seconds CPU System Time: 8.764 seconds CPU Utilization: 100.0% Database Size: 40.30 MB Amplification Factors: ### 5. TidesDB - ITERATION Performance (all 10 keys) ### ======================================== TEST: TidesDB 1GB ITERATION ======================================== Cleaning up /media/agpmastersystem/c794105c-0cd9-4be9-8369-ee6d6e707d68/home/db-bench... Populating tidesdb for ITERATION test (sequential write)... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v7.0.10) Operations: 10 Key Size: 256 bytes Value Size: 1073741824 bytes Threads: 1 Batch Size: 1 Key Pattern: Sequential Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running TidesDB benchmark... PUT: 0.31 ops/sec ITER: 1.89 ops/sec (10 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v7.0.10) Operations: 10 Threads: 1 Key Size: 256 bytes Value Size: 1073741824 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 0.31 ops/sec Duration: 32.411 seconds Latency (avg): 2235437.90 μs Latency (p50): 2162110.00 μs Latency (p95): 2809792.00 μs Latency (p99): 2809792.00 μs Latency (min): 2090625.00 μs Latency (max): 2809792.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 1.89 ops/sec Duration: 5.277 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 1062.02 MB Peak VMS: 1421.45 MB Disk Reads: 0.02 MB Disk Writes: 10328.65 MB CPU User Time: 23.868 seconds CPU System Time: 36.512 seconds CPU Utilization: 144.2% Database Size: 40.16 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.01x Space Amplification: 0.00x Running tidesdb ITERATION (sequential range scan, 10 keys)... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v7.0.10) Operations: 10 Key Size: 256 bytes Value Size: 1073741824 bytes Threads: 1 Batch Size: 1 Key Pattern: Sequential Workload: Range Query Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running TidesDB benchmark... RANGE: [1 threads started] [T0 done] 0.19 ops/sec ITER: 1.33 ops/sec (10 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v7.0.10) Operations: 10 Threads: 1 Key Size: 256 bytes Value Size: 1073741824 bytes RANGE Query Operations: Throughput: 0.19 ops/sec Duration: 53.513 seconds Latency (avg): 5169295.90 μs Latency (p50): 5657971.00 μs Latency (p95): 9416055.00 μs Latency (p99): 9416055.00 μs Latency (min): 977708.00 μs Latency (max): 9416055.00 μs Keys per range: 10 ITERATION: Throughput: 1.33 ops/sec Duration: 7.495 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 25.27 MB Peak VMS: 141.50 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 0.00 MB CPU User Time: 15.595 seconds CPU System Time: 47.337 seconds CPU Utilization: 100.0% Database Size: 40.16 MB Amplification Factors: ### 6. RocksDB - ITERATION Performance (all 10 keys) ### ======================================== TEST: RocksDB 1GB ITERATION ======================================== Cleaning up /media/agpmastersystem/c794105c-0cd9-4be9-8369-ee6d6e707d68/home/db-bench... Populating rocksdb for ITERATION test (sequential write)... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (vunknown) Operations: 10 Key Size: 256 bytes Value Size: 1073741824 bytes Threads: 1 Batch Size: 1 Key Pattern: Sequential Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running RocksDB benchmark... PUT: 0.46 ops/sec ITER: 4.77 ops/sec (10 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (vunknown) Operations: 10 Threads: 1 Key Size: 256 bytes Value Size: 1073741824 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 0.46 ops/sec Duration: 21.713 seconds Latency (avg): 1181233.10 μs Latency (p50): 1177226.00 μs Latency (p95): 1343120.00 μs Latency (p99): 1343120.00 μs Latency (min): 1115118.00 μs Latency (max): 1343120.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 4.77 ops/sec Duration: 2.098 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 6166.28 MB Peak VMS: 6923.26 MB Disk Reads: 0.02 MB Disk Writes: 10278.54 MB CPU User Time: 15.918 seconds CPU System Time: 17.382 seconds CPU Utilization: 139.7% Database Size: 1060.46 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.00x Space Amplification: 0.10x Running rocksdb ITERATION (sequential range scan, 10 keys)... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (vunknown) Operations: 10 Key Size: 256 bytes Value Size: 1073741824 bytes Threads: 1 Batch Size: 1 Key Pattern: Sequential Workload: Range Query Sync Mode: Disabled (fast) Running RocksDB benchmark... RANGE: [1 threads started] [T0 done] 0.84 ops/sec ITER: 3.77 ops/sec (10 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (vunknown) Operations: 10 Threads: 1 Key Size: 256 bytes Value Size: 1073741824 bytes RANGE Query Operations: Throughput: 0.84 ops/sec Duration: 11.895 seconds Latency (avg): 1189523.00 μs Latency (p50): 1390439.00 μs Latency (p95): 2825891.00 μs Latency (p99): 2825891.00 μs Latency (min): 1.00 μs Latency (max): 2825891.00 μs Keys per range: 10 ITERATION: Throughput: 3.77 ops/sec Duration: 2.655 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 3094.92 MB Peak VMS: 4363.25 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 0.00 MB CPU User Time: 3.132 seconds CPU System Time: 11.417 seconds CPU Utilization: 100.0% Database Size: 40.30 MB Amplification Factors: Cleaning up /media/agpmastersystem/c794105c-0cd9-4be9-8369-ee6d6e707d68/home/db-bench... =================================== 1GB Value Benchmark Complete! Results saved to: large_value_benchmark_1gb_results.txt ===================================