=================================== TidesDB vs RocksDB Comparison (SYNCED) Date: Thu Jan 8 07:58:46 PM EST 2026 Sync Mode: ENABLED (durable writes) Default Batch Size: 100 =================================== ### 1. Sequential Write Performance (Batched, Synced) ### ======================================== TEST: Sequential Write (100K ops, 8 threads, batch=100) ======================================== Running TidesDB (with RocksDB baseline)... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v7.1.0) Operations: 100000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 100 Key Pattern: Sequential Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Enabled (durable) Running TidesDB benchmark... PUT: 239043.44 ops/sec ITER: 7064142.41 ops/sec (100000 keys) === Cleaning database for baseline comparison === === Running RocksDB Baseline === Running RocksDB benchmark... PUT: 267383.25 ops/sec ITER: 9811616.95 ops/sec (100000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v7.1.0) Operations: 100000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 239043.44 ops/sec Duration: 0.418 seconds Latency (avg): 3248.41 μs Latency (stddev): 3490.54 μs Latency (CV): 107.45% Latency (p50): 2695.00 μs Latency (p95): 3969.00 μs Latency (p99): 4304.00 μs Latency (min): 1065.00 μs Latency (max): 42434.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 7064142.41 ops/sec Duration: 0.014 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 43.88 MB Peak VMS: 594.21 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 13.26 MB CPU User Time: 0.121 seconds CPU System Time: 0.047 seconds CPU Utilization: 38.9% Database Size: 1.13 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.20x Space Amplification: 0.10x === Comparison vs rocksdb === PUT: 0.89x slower ITER: 0.72x slower Resource Comparison: Peak RSS: 43.88 MB vs 55.61 MB Peak VMS: 594.21 MB vs 1235.12 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB vs 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 13.26 MB vs 12.27 MB CPU User Time: 0.121 s vs 0.131 s CPU System Time: 0.047 s vs 0.045 s CPU Utilization: 38.9% vs 45.8% Database Size: 1.13 MB vs 11.39 MB Amplification Comparison: Write Amplification: 1.20x vs 1.11x Space Amplification: 0.10x vs 1.03x Cleaning up db-bench... ### 2. Random Write Performance (Batched, Synced) ### ======================================== TEST: Random Write (100K ops, 8 threads, batch=100) ======================================== Running TidesDB (with RocksDB baseline)... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v7.1.0) Operations: 100000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 100 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Enabled (durable) Running TidesDB benchmark... PUT: 215754.39 ops/sec ITER: 5535872.45 ops/sec (100000 keys) === Cleaning database for baseline comparison === === Running RocksDB Baseline === Running RocksDB benchmark... PUT: 176292.53 ops/sec ITER: 7120478.50 ops/sec (100000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v7.1.0) Operations: 100000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 215754.39 ops/sec Duration: 0.463 seconds Latency (avg): 3655.92 μs Latency (stddev): 1570.52 μs Latency (CV): 42.96% Latency (p50): 2849.00 μs Latency (p95): 6796.00 μs Latency (p99): 8366.00 μs Latency (min): 1290.00 μs Latency (max): 10442.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 5535872.45 ops/sec Duration: 0.018 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 44.00 MB Peak VMS: 594.21 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 13.25 MB CPU User Time: 0.137 seconds CPU System Time: 0.076 seconds CPU Utilization: 44.2% Database Size: 1.09 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.20x Space Amplification: 0.10x === Comparison vs rocksdb === PUT: 1.22x faster ITER: 0.78x slower Resource Comparison: Peak RSS: 44.00 MB vs 55.63 MB Peak VMS: 594.21 MB vs 1235.12 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB vs 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 13.25 MB vs 12.27 MB CPU User Time: 0.137 s vs 0.146 s CPU System Time: 0.076 s vs 0.059 s CPU Utilization: 44.2% vs 35.3% Database Size: 1.09 MB vs 11.39 MB Amplification Comparison: Write Amplification: 1.20x vs 1.11x Space Amplification: 0.10x vs 1.03x Cleaning up db-bench... ### 3. Random Read Performance (Synced) ### ======================================== TEST: Random Read (100K ops, 8 threads) ======================================== Populating TidesDB for read test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v7.1.0) Operations: 100000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 100 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Enabled (durable) Running TidesDB benchmark... PUT: 176768.70 ops/sec ITER: 6207324.64 ops/sec (100000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v7.1.0) Operations: 100000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 176768.70 ops/sec Duration: 0.566 seconds Latency (avg): 4406.97 μs Latency (stddev): 8131.73 μs Latency (CV): 184.52% Latency (p50): 2871.00 μs Latency (p95): 6515.00 μs Latency (p99): 30590.00 μs Latency (min): 1807.00 μs Latency (max): 90354.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 6207324.64 ops/sec Duration: 0.016 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 44.00 MB Peak VMS: 594.21 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 13.43 MB CPU User Time: 0.131 seconds CPU System Time: 0.090 seconds CPU Utilization: 38.0% Database Size: 1.09 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.21x Space Amplification: 0.10x Running TidesDB read test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v7.1.0) Operations: 100000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Read-only Sync Mode: Enabled (durable) Running TidesDB benchmark... GET: 3456261.02 ops/sec ITER: 7704160.25 ops/sec (100000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v7.1.0) Operations: 100000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes GET Operations: Throughput: 3456261.02 ops/sec Duration: 0.029 seconds Latency (avg): 1.91 μs Latency (stddev): 13.96 μs Latency (CV): 730.14% Latency (p50): 2.00 μs Latency (p95): 2.00 μs Latency (p99): 3.00 μs Latency (min): 0.00 μs Latency (max): 3533.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 7704160.25 ops/sec Duration: 0.013 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 39.34 MB Peak VMS: 594.86 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 0.00 MB CPU User Time: 0.175 seconds CPU System Time: 0.038 seconds CPU Utilization: 453.3% Database Size: 1.09 MB Amplification Factors: Cleaning up db-bench... Populating RocksDB for read test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (vunknown) Operations: 100000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 100 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Enabled (durable) Running RocksDB benchmark... PUT: 113420.09 ops/sec ITER: 7700600.65 ops/sec (100000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (vunknown) Operations: 100000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 113420.09 ops/sec Duration: 0.882 seconds Latency (avg): 6818.26 μs Latency (stddev): 8990.53 μs Latency (CV): 131.86% Latency (p50): 5961.00 μs Latency (p95): 12161.00 μs Latency (p99): 54921.00 μs Latency (min): 1138.00 μs Latency (max): 88257.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 7700600.65 ops/sec Duration: 0.013 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 28.38 MB Peak VMS: 1245.96 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 12.24 MB CPU User Time: 0.214 seconds CPU System Time: 0.016 seconds CPU Utilization: 25.7% Database Size: 11.39 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.11x Space Amplification: 1.03x Running RocksDB read test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (vunknown) Operations: 100000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Read-only Sync Mode: Enabled (durable) Running RocksDB benchmark... GET: 3221545.70 ops/sec ITER: 7393168.71 ops/sec (100000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (vunknown) Operations: 100000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes GET Operations: Throughput: 3221545.70 ops/sec Duration: 0.031 seconds Latency (avg): 1.81 μs Latency (stddev): 2.47 μs Latency (CV): 137.09% Latency (p50): 1.00 μs Latency (p95): 3.00 μs Latency (p99): 14.00 μs Latency (min): 0.00 μs Latency (max): 159.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 7393168.71 ops/sec Duration: 0.014 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 27.41 MB Peak VMS: 1231.79 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 0.00 MB CPU User Time: 0.181 seconds CPU System Time: 0.026 seconds CPU Utilization: 417.7% Database Size: 1.62 MB Amplification Factors: Cleaning up db-bench... ### 4. Mixed Workload (50/50 Read/Write, Batched, Synced) ### ======================================== TEST: Mixed Workload (50K ops, 8 threads, batch=100) ======================================== Running TidesDB (with RocksDB baseline)... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v7.1.0) Operations: 50000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 100 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Mixed Sync Mode: Enabled (durable) Running TidesDB benchmark... PUT: 169040.56 ops/sec GET: 7046223.22 ops/sec ITER: 6071645.42 ops/sec (50000 keys) === Cleaning database for baseline comparison === === Running RocksDB Baseline === Running RocksDB benchmark... PUT: 206395.79 ops/sec GET: 5797101.45 ops/sec ITER: 7066139.06 ops/sec (50000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v7.1.0) Operations: 50000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 169040.56 ops/sec Duration: 0.296 seconds Latency (avg): 4614.55 μs Latency (stddev): 2527.29 μs Latency (CV): 54.77% Latency (p50): 3684.00 μs Latency (p95): 8516.00 μs Latency (p99): 11836.00 μs Latency (min): 1444.00 μs Latency (max): 19642.00 μs GET Operations: Throughput: 7046223.22 ops/sec Duration: 0.007 seconds Latency (avg): 0.71 μs Latency (stddev): 0.58 μs Latency (CV): 82.04% Latency (p50): 1.00 μs Latency (p95): 1.00 μs Latency (p99): 2.00 μs Latency (min): 0.00 μs Latency (max): 48.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 6071645.42 ops/sec Duration: 0.008 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 30.88 MB Peak VMS: 593.83 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 6.66 MB CPU User Time: 0.131 seconds CPU System Time: 0.019 seconds CPU Utilization: 47.6% Database Size: 0.54 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.20x Space Amplification: 0.10x === Comparison vs rocksdb === PUT: 0.82x slower GET: 1.22x faster ITER: 0.86x slower Resource Comparison: Peak RSS: 30.88 MB vs 38.07 MB Peak VMS: 593.83 MB vs 1234.75 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB vs 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 6.66 MB vs 6.15 MB CPU User Time: 0.131 s vs 0.131 s CPU System Time: 0.019 s vs 0.031 s CPU Utilization: 47.6% vs 62.0% Database Size: 0.54 MB vs 5.72 MB Amplification Comparison: Write Amplification: 1.20x vs 1.11x Space Amplification: 0.10x vs 1.03x Cleaning up db-bench... ### 5. Hot Key Workload (Zipfian Distribution, Batched, Synced) ### ======================================== TEST: Zipfian Write (50K ops, 8 threads, batch=100) ======================================== Running TidesDB (with RocksDB baseline)... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v7.1.0) Operations: 50000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 100 Key Pattern: Zipfian (hot keys) Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Enabled (durable) Running TidesDB benchmark... PUT: 181787.77 ops/sec ITER: 5409624.41 ops/sec (4609 keys) === Cleaning database for baseline comparison === === Running RocksDB Baseline === Running RocksDB benchmark... PUT: 214841.23 ops/sec ITER: 1080130.44 ops/sec (4637 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v7.1.0) Operations: 50000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 181787.77 ops/sec Duration: 0.275 seconds Latency (avg): 4272.12 μs Latency (stddev): 2143.25 μs Latency (CV): 50.17% Latency (p50): 3481.00 μs Latency (p95): 8469.00 μs Latency (p99): 8769.00 μs Latency (min): 1034.00 μs Latency (max): 8953.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 5409624.41 ops/sec Duration: 0.001 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 21.88 MB Peak VMS: 593.73 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 6.75 MB CPU User Time: 0.051 seconds CPU System Time: 0.032 seconds CPU Utilization: 30.1% Database Size: 0.07 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.22x Space Amplification: 0.01x === Comparison vs rocksdb === PUT: 0.85x slower ITER: 5.01x faster Resource Comparison: Peak RSS: 21.88 MB vs 29.57 MB Peak VMS: 593.73 MB vs 1234.65 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB vs 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 6.75 MB vs 6.17 MB CPU User Time: 0.051 s vs 0.076 s CPU System Time: 0.032 s vs 0.086 s CPU Utilization: 30.1% vs 68.3% Database Size: 0.07 MB vs 5.72 MB Amplification Comparison: Write Amplification: 1.22x vs 1.12x Space Amplification: 0.01x vs 1.03x Cleaning up db-bench... ======================================== TEST: Zipfian Mixed (50K ops, 8 threads, batch=100) ======================================== Running TidesDB (with RocksDB baseline)... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v7.1.0) Operations: 50000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 100 Key Pattern: Zipfian (hot keys) Workload: Mixed Sync Mode: Enabled (durable) Running TidesDB benchmark... PUT: 164028.54 ops/sec GET: 4062068.41 ops/sec ITER: 6364771.15 ops/sec (4589 keys) === Cleaning database for baseline comparison === === Running RocksDB Baseline === Running RocksDB benchmark... PUT: 102717.92 ops/sec GET: 3591696.00 ops/sec ITER: 1060202.21 ops/sec (4614 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v7.1.0) Operations: 50000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 164028.54 ops/sec Duration: 0.305 seconds Latency (avg): 4765.03 μs Latency (stddev): 5424.97 μs Latency (CV): 113.85% Latency (p50): 3535.00 μs Latency (p95): 7563.00 μs Latency (p99): 44624.00 μs Latency (min): 1032.00 μs Latency (max): 45635.00 μs GET Operations: Throughput: 4062068.41 ops/sec Duration: 0.012 seconds Latency (avg): 0.58 μs Latency (stddev): 0.52 μs Latency (CV): 90.60% Latency (p50): 1.00 μs Latency (p95): 1.00 μs Latency (p99): 1.00 μs Latency (min): 0.00 μs Latency (max): 27.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 6364771.15 ops/sec Duration: 0.001 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 22.12 MB Peak VMS: 593.83 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 6.65 MB CPU User Time: 0.094 seconds CPU System Time: 0.072 seconds CPU Utilization: 52.1% Database Size: 0.07 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.20x Space Amplification: 0.01x === Comparison vs rocksdb === PUT: 1.60x faster GET: 1.13x faster ITER: 6.00x faster Resource Comparison: Peak RSS: 22.12 MB vs 29.73 MB Peak VMS: 593.83 MB vs 1234.75 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB vs 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 6.65 MB vs 6.16 MB CPU User Time: 0.094 s vs 0.144 s CPU System Time: 0.072 s vs 0.121 s CPU Utilization: 52.1% vs 52.3% Database Size: 0.07 MB vs 5.72 MB Amplification Comparison: Write Amplification: 1.20x vs 1.11x Space Amplification: 0.01x vs 1.03x Cleaning up db-bench... ### 6. Delete Performance (Batched, Synced) ### ======================================== TEST: Random Delete (50K ops, 8 threads, batch=100) ======================================== Populating TidesDB for delete test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v7.1.0) Operations: 50000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 100 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Enabled (durable) Running TidesDB benchmark... PUT: 133876.34 ops/sec ITER: 6420133.54 ops/sec (50000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v7.1.0) Operations: 50000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 133876.34 ops/sec Duration: 0.373 seconds Latency (avg): 5687.71 μs Latency (stddev): 3180.54 μs Latency (CV): 55.92% Latency (p50): 4113.00 μs Latency (p95): 11511.00 μs Latency (p99): 14217.00 μs Latency (min): 1867.00 μs Latency (max): 15752.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 6420133.54 ops/sec Duration: 0.008 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 30.50 MB Peak VMS: 593.73 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 6.79 MB CPU User Time: 0.058 seconds CPU System Time: 0.053 seconds CPU Utilization: 29.2% Database Size: 0.54 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.23x Space Amplification: 0.10x Running TidesDB delete test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v7.1.0) Operations: 50000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 100 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Delete-only Sync Mode: Enabled (durable) Running TidesDB benchmark... DELETE: [8 threads started] [T0 done] [T1 done] [T2 done] [T3 done] [T4 done] [T5 done] [T6 done] [T7 done] 177526.56 ops/sec ITER: 3231435.40 ops/sec (50000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v7.1.0) Operations: 50000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes DELETE Operations: Throughput: 177526.56 ops/sec Duration: 0.282 seconds Latency (avg): 4353.46 μs Latency (stddev): 4628.75 μs Latency (CV): 106.32% Latency (p50): 3064.00 μs Latency (p95): 10863.00 μs Latency (p99): 33255.00 μs Latency (min): 1118.00 μs Latency (max): 33386.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 3231435.40 ops/sec Duration: 0.015 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 25.45 MB Peak VMS: 593.68 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 2.09 MB CPU User Time: 0.052 seconds CPU System Time: 0.038 seconds CPU Utilization: 30.4% Database Size: 0.89 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 0.38x Cleaning up db-bench... Populating RocksDB for delete test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (vunknown) Operations: 50000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 100 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Enabled (durable) Running RocksDB benchmark... PUT: 137934.08 ops/sec ITER: 7765180.93 ops/sec (50000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (vunknown) Operations: 50000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 137934.08 ops/sec Duration: 0.362 seconds Latency (avg): 5169.75 μs Latency (stddev): 2178.10 μs Latency (CV): 42.13% Latency (p50): 4547.00 μs Latency (p95): 8344.00 μs Latency (p99): 8915.00 μs Latency (min): 1018.00 μs Latency (max): 8995.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 7765180.93 ops/sec Duration: 0.006 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 21.50 MB Peak VMS: 1238.61 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 6.15 MB CPU User Time: 0.105 seconds CPU System Time: 0.014 seconds CPU Utilization: 32.2% Database Size: 5.72 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.11x Space Amplification: 1.03x Running RocksDB delete test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (vunknown) Operations: 50000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 100 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Delete-only Sync Mode: Enabled (durable) Running RocksDB benchmark... DELETE: [8 threads started] [T0 done] [T1 done] [T2 done] [T3 done] [T4 done] [T5 done] [T6 done] [T7 done] 199926.43 ops/sec ITER: 0.00 ops/sec (0 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (vunknown) Operations: 50000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes DELETE Operations: Throughput: 199926.43 ops/sec Duration: 0.250 seconds Latency (avg): 3862.40 μs Latency (stddev): 2019.76 μs Latency (CV): 52.29% Latency (p50): 3176.00 μs Latency (p95): 8174.00 μs Latency (p99): 8392.00 μs Latency (min): 1118.00 μs Latency (max): 8418.00 μs Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 22.86 MB Peak VMS: 1237.02 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 1.29 MB CPU User Time: 0.084 seconds CPU System Time: 0.036 seconds CPU Utilization: 46.0% Database Size: 1.71 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 0.23x Cleaning up db-bench... ### 7. Large Value Performance (Batched, Synced) ### ======================================== TEST: Large Values (10K ops, 256B key, 4KB value, batch=100) ======================================== Running TidesDB (with RocksDB baseline)... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v7.1.0) Operations: 10000 Key Size: 256 bytes Value Size: 4096 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 100 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Enabled (durable) Running TidesDB benchmark... PUT: 58232.64 ops/sec ITER: 1799856.01 ops/sec (10000 keys) === Cleaning database for baseline comparison === === Running RocksDB Baseline === Running RocksDB benchmark... PUT: 18725.08 ops/sec ITER: 4302925.99 ops/sec (10000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v7.1.0) Operations: 10000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 256 bytes Value Size: 4096 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 58232.64 ops/sec Duration: 0.172 seconds Latency (avg): 12965.41 μs Latency (stddev): 2422.32 μs Latency (CV): 18.68% Latency (p50): 13080.00 μs Latency (p95): 16983.00 μs Latency (p99): 18165.00 μs Latency (min): 6031.00 μs Latency (max): 18169.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 1799856.01 ops/sec Duration: 0.006 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 67.34 MB Peak VMS: 593.43 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 41.69 MB CPU User Time: 0.088 seconds CPU System Time: 0.139 seconds CPU Utilization: 128.1% Database Size: 3.04 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.00x Space Amplification: 0.07x === Comparison vs rocksdb === PUT: 3.11x faster ITER: 0.42x slower Resource Comparison: Peak RSS: 67.34 MB vs 74.89 MB Peak VMS: 593.43 MB vs 1234.35 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB vs 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 41.69 MB vs 41.76 MB CPU User Time: 0.088 s vs 0.145 s CPU System Time: 0.139 s vs 0.071 s CPU Utilization: 128.1% vs 40.2% Database Size: 3.04 MB vs 41.60 MB Amplification Comparison: Write Amplification: 1.00x vs 1.01x Space Amplification: 0.07x vs 1.00x Cleaning up db-bench... ### 8. Small Value Performance (Batched, Synced) ### ======================================== TEST: Small Values (100K ops, 16B key, 64B value, batch=100) ======================================== Running TidesDB (with RocksDB baseline)... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v7.1.0) Operations: 100000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 64 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 100 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Enabled (durable) Running TidesDB benchmark... PUT: 218598.83 ops/sec ITER: 5877512.64 ops/sec (100000 keys) === Cleaning database for baseline comparison === === Running RocksDB Baseline === Running RocksDB benchmark... PUT: 180139.61 ops/sec ITER: 7396449.70 ops/sec (100000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v7.1.0) Operations: 100000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 64 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 218598.83 ops/sec Duration: 0.457 seconds Latency (avg): 3541.59 μs Latency (stddev): 1604.70 μs Latency (CV): 45.31% Latency (p50): 2745.00 μs Latency (p95): 6894.00 μs Latency (p99): 7712.00 μs Latency (min): 1279.00 μs Latency (max): 8032.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 5877512.64 ops/sec Duration: 0.017 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 40.75 MB Peak VMS: 594.21 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 10.07 MB CPU User Time: 0.132 seconds CPU System Time: 0.066 seconds CPU Utilization: 41.7% Database Size: 1.10 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.32x Space Amplification: 0.14x === Comparison vs rocksdb === PUT: 1.21x faster ITER: 0.79x slower Resource Comparison: Peak RSS: 40.75 MB vs 52.79 MB Peak VMS: 594.21 MB vs 1235.12 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB vs 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 10.07 MB vs 8.82 MB CPU User Time: 0.132 s vs 0.164 s CPU System Time: 0.066 s vs 0.055 s CPU Utilization: 41.7% vs 38.5% Database Size: 1.10 MB vs 7.96 MB Amplification Comparison: Write Amplification: 1.32x vs 1.16x Space Amplification: 0.14x vs 1.04x Cleaning up db-bench... ### 9. Batch Size Comparison (Synced) ### Testing impact of different batch sizes on write performance with sync enabled ======================================== TEST: Batch Size 1 (no batching, 10K ops) ======================================== Running TidesDB (with RocksDB baseline)... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v7.1.0) Operations: 10000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Enabled (durable) Running TidesDB benchmark... PUT: 2496.83 ops/sec ITER: 8992805.76 ops/sec (10000 keys) === Cleaning database for baseline comparison === === Running RocksDB Baseline === Running RocksDB benchmark... PUT: 4038.01 ops/sec ITER: 8984725.97 ops/sec (10000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v7.1.0) Operations: 10000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 2496.83 ops/sec Duration: 4.005 seconds Latency (avg): 3189.17 μs Latency (stddev): 2650.00 μs Latency (CV): 83.09% Latency (p50): 2188.00 μs Latency (p95): 7521.00 μs Latency (p99): 11964.00 μs Latency (min): 892.00 μs Latency (max): 41540.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 8992805.76 ops/sec Duration: 0.001 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 20.12 MB Peak VMS: 593.52 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 29.92 MB CPU User Time: 0.096 seconds CPU System Time: 0.224 seconds CPU Utilization: 8.0% Database Size: 0.13 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 27.05x Space Amplification: 0.12x === Comparison vs rocksdb === PUT: 0.62x slower ITER: 1.00x faster Resource Comparison: Peak RSS: 20.12 MB vs 21.86 MB Peak VMS: 593.52 MB vs 1234.44 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB vs 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 29.92 MB vs 8.42 MB CPU User Time: 0.096 s vs 0.269 s CPU System Time: 0.224 s vs 0.231 s CPU Utilization: 8.0% vs 20.2% Database Size: 0.13 MB vs 1.21 MB Amplification Comparison: Write Amplification: 27.05x vs 7.61x Space Amplification: 0.12x vs 1.09x Cleaning up db-bench... ======================================== TEST: Batch Size 10 (10K ops) ======================================== Running TidesDB (with RocksDB baseline)... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v7.1.0) Operations: 10000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 10 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Enabled (durable) Running TidesDB benchmark... PUT: 26081.81 ops/sec ITER: 7462686.57 ops/sec (10000 keys) === Cleaning database for baseline comparison === === Running RocksDB Baseline === Running RocksDB benchmark... PUT: 33646.13 ops/sec ITER: 9066183.14 ops/sec (10000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v7.1.0) Operations: 10000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 26081.81 ops/sec Duration: 0.383 seconds Latency (avg): 2920.20 μs Latency (stddev): 2119.21 μs Latency (CV): 72.57% Latency (p50): 2405.00 μs Latency (p95): 3698.00 μs Latency (p99): 11528.00 μs Latency (min): 1005.00 μs Latency (max): 27533.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 7462686.57 ops/sec Duration: 0.001 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 19.88 MB Peak VMS: 593.43 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 3.42 MB CPU User Time: 0.023 seconds CPU System Time: 0.031 seconds CPU Utilization: 14.1% Database Size: 0.12 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 3.09x Space Amplification: 0.11x === Comparison vs rocksdb === PUT: 0.78x slower ITER: 0.82x slower Resource Comparison: Peak RSS: 19.88 MB vs 22.24 MB Peak VMS: 593.43 MB vs 1234.35 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB vs 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 3.42 MB vs 1.95 MB CPU User Time: 0.023 s vs 0.039 s CPU System Time: 0.031 s vs 0.028 s CPU Utilization: 14.1% vs 22.4% Database Size: 0.12 MB vs 1.18 MB Amplification Comparison: Write Amplification: 3.09x vs 1.77x Space Amplification: 0.11x vs 1.06x Cleaning up db-bench... ======================================== TEST: Batch Size 100 (10K ops) ======================================== Running TidesDB (with RocksDB baseline)... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v7.1.0) Operations: 10000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 100 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Enabled (durable) Running TidesDB benchmark... PUT: 176047.04 ops/sec ITER: 6821282.40 ops/sec (10000 keys) === Cleaning database for baseline comparison === === Running RocksDB Baseline === Running RocksDB benchmark... PUT: 174085.62 ops/sec ITER: 9276437.85 ops/sec (10000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v7.1.0) Operations: 10000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 176047.04 ops/sec Duration: 0.057 seconds Latency (avg): 4232.82 μs Latency (stddev): 2009.47 μs Latency (CV): 47.47% Latency (p50): 2812.00 μs Latency (p95): 9053.00 μs Latency (p99): 9112.00 μs Latency (min): 2104.00 μs Latency (max): 9137.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 6821282.40 ops/sec Duration: 0.001 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 20.00 MB Peak VMS: 593.43 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 1.30 MB CPU User Time: 0.010 seconds CPU System Time: 0.016 seconds CPU Utilization: 44.8% Database Size: 0.12 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.18x Space Amplification: 0.11x === Comparison vs rocksdb === PUT: 1.01x faster ITER: 0.74x slower Resource Comparison: Peak RSS: 20.00 MB vs 22.71 MB Peak VMS: 593.43 MB vs 1234.35 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB vs 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 1.30 MB vs 1.23 MB CPU User Time: 0.010 s vs 0.024 s CPU System Time: 0.016 s vs 0.005 s CPU Utilization: 44.8% vs 50.9% Database Size: 0.12 MB vs 1.17 MB Amplification Comparison: Write Amplification: 1.18x vs 1.12x Space Amplification: 0.11x vs 1.06x Cleaning up db-bench... ======================================== TEST: Batch Size 1000 (10K ops) ======================================== Running TidesDB (with RocksDB baseline)... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v7.1.0) Operations: 10000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1000 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Enabled (durable) Running TidesDB benchmark... PUT: 531971.49 ops/sec ITER: 8703220.19 ops/sec (10000 keys) === Cleaning database for baseline comparison === === Running RocksDB Baseline === Running RocksDB benchmark... PUT: 308870.77 ops/sec ITER: 10060362.17 ops/sec (10000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v7.1.0) Operations: 10000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 531971.49 ops/sec Duration: 0.019 seconds Latency (avg): 8933.62 μs Latency (stddev): 1538.12 μs Latency (CV): 17.22% Latency (p50): 9544.00 μs Latency (p95): 11386.00 μs Latency (p99): 11386.00 μs Latency (min): 6558.00 μs Latency (max): 11386.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 8703220.19 ops/sec Duration: 0.001 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 21.72 MB Peak VMS: 593.43 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 1.18 MB CPU User Time: 0.013 seconds CPU System Time: 0.004 seconds CPU Utilization: 84.0% Database Size: 0.10 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.07x Space Amplification: 0.09x === Comparison vs rocksdb === PUT: 1.72x faster ITER: 0.87x slower Resource Comparison: Peak RSS: 21.72 MB vs 25.55 MB Peak VMS: 593.43 MB vs 1234.35 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB vs 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 1.18 MB vs 1.16 MB CPU User Time: 0.013 s vs 0.013 s CPU System Time: 0.004 s vs 0.002 s CPU Utilization: 84.0% vs 45.3% Database Size: 0.10 MB vs 1.17 MB Amplification Comparison: Write Amplification: 1.07x vs 1.05x Space Amplification: 0.09x vs 1.06x Cleaning up db-bench... ### 10. Batch Size Impact on Deletes (Synced) ### ======================================== TEST: Delete Batch=1 (10K ops) ======================================== Populating TidesDB for delete test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v7.1.0) Operations: 10000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Enabled (durable) Running TidesDB benchmark... PUT: 2070.97 ops/sec ITER: 8928571.43 ops/sec (10000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v7.1.0) Operations: 10000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 2070.97 ops/sec Duration: 4.829 seconds Latency (avg): 3810.60 μs Latency (stddev): 3981.39 μs Latency (CV): 104.48% Latency (p50): 2640.00 μs Latency (p95): 8838.00 μs Latency (p99): 13389.00 μs Latency (min): 940.00 μs Latency (max): 100579.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 8928571.43 ops/sec Duration: 0.001 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 20.12 MB Peak VMS: 593.52 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 29.50 MB CPU User Time: 0.079 seconds CPU System Time: 0.248 seconds CPU Utilization: 6.8% Database Size: 0.13 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 26.66x Space Amplification: 0.12x Running TidesDB delete test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v7.1.0) Operations: 10000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Delete-only Sync Mode: Enabled (durable) Running TidesDB benchmark... DELETE: [8 threads started] [T0 done] [T1 done] [T2 done] [T3 done] [T4 done] [T5 done] [T6 done] [T7 done] 3076.54 ops/sec ITER: 3912363.07 ops/sec (10000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v7.1.0) Operations: 10000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes DELETE Operations: Throughput: 3076.54 ops/sec Duration: 3.250 seconds Latency (avg): 2585.09 μs Latency (stddev): 1351.86 μs Latency (CV): 52.29% Latency (p50): 2631.00 μs Latency (p95): 3363.00 μs Latency (p99): 4294.00 μs Latency (min): 922.00 μs Latency (max): 34939.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 3912363.07 ops/sec Duration: 0.003 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 18.98 MB Peak VMS: 593.55 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 36.19 MB CPU User Time: 0.120 seconds CPU System Time: 0.174 seconds CPU Utilization: 9.0% Database Size: 0.22 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 32.71x Cleaning up db-bench... Populating RocksDB for delete test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (vunknown) Operations: 10000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Enabled (durable) Running RocksDB benchmark... PUT: 4421.97 ops/sec ITER: 8802816.90 ops/sec (10000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (vunknown) Operations: 10000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 4421.97 ops/sec Duration: 2.261 seconds Latency (avg): 1723.89 μs Latency (stddev): 1985.36 μs Latency (CV): 115.17% Latency (p50): 1304.00 μs Latency (p95): 2553.00 μs Latency (p99): 5238.00 μs Latency (min): 874.00 μs Latency (max): 60933.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 8802816.90 ops/sec Duration: 0.001 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 15.25 MB Peak VMS: 1233.35 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 8.61 MB CPU User Time: 0.230 seconds CPU System Time: 0.238 seconds CPU Utilization: 20.7% Database Size: 1.21 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 7.78x Space Amplification: 1.09x Running RocksDB delete test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (vunknown) Operations: 10000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Delete-only Sync Mode: Enabled (durable) Running RocksDB benchmark... DELETE: [8 threads started] [T0 done] [T1 done] [T2 done] [T3 done] [T4 done] [T5 done] [T6 done] [T7 done] 3636.56 ops/sec ITER: 0.00 ops/sec (0 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (vunknown) Operations: 10000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes DELETE Operations: Throughput: 3636.56 ops/sec Duration: 2.750 seconds Latency (avg): 2086.09 μs Latency (stddev): 1970.23 μs Latency (CV): 94.45% Latency (p50): 1650.00 μs Latency (p95): 4965.00 μs Latency (p99): 7643.00 μs Latency (min): 882.00 μs Latency (max): 81135.00 μs Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 16.39 MB Peak VMS: 1232.33 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 7.21 MB CPU User Time: 0.241 seconds CPU System Time: 0.224 seconds CPU Utilization: 16.9% Database Size: 0.44 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 6.52x Cleaning up db-bench... ======================================== TEST: Delete Batch=100 (10K ops) ======================================== Populating TidesDB for delete test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v7.1.0) Operations: 10000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 100 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Enabled (durable) Running TidesDB benchmark... PUT: 193419.86 ops/sec ITER: 7674597.08 ops/sec (10000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v7.1.0) Operations: 10000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 193419.86 ops/sec Duration: 0.052 seconds Latency (avg): 3784.62 μs Latency (stddev): 1621.20 μs Latency (CV): 42.84% Latency (p50): 2660.00 μs Latency (p95): 6073.00 μs Latency (p99): 6802.00 μs Latency (min): 1850.00 μs Latency (max): 7050.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 7674597.08 ops/sec Duration: 0.001 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 20.38 MB Peak VMS: 593.43 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 1.31 MB CPU User Time: 0.021 seconds CPU System Time: 0.000 seconds CPU Utilization: 39.0% Database Size: 0.12 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.19x Space Amplification: 0.11x Running TidesDB delete test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v7.1.0) Operations: 10000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 100 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Delete-only Sync Mode: Enabled (durable) Running TidesDB benchmark... DELETE: [8 threads started] [T0 done] [T1 done] [T2 done] [T3 done] [T4 done] [T5 done] [T6 done] [T7 done] 215280.62 ops/sec ITER: 2980625.93 ops/sec (10000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v7.1.0) Operations: 10000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes DELETE Operations: Throughput: 215280.62 ops/sec Duration: 0.046 seconds Latency (avg): 3315.27 μs Latency (stddev): 1508.65 μs Latency (CV): 45.51% Latency (p50): 3006.00 μs Latency (p95): 6910.00 μs Latency (p99): 6989.00 μs Latency (min): 1412.00 μs Latency (max): 7059.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 2980625.93 ops/sec Duration: 0.003 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 19.38 MB Peak VMS: 593.55 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 0.44 MB CPU User Time: 0.013 seconds CPU System Time: 0.005 seconds CPU Utilization: 37.0% Database Size: 0.19 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 0.40x Cleaning up db-bench... Populating RocksDB for delete test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (vunknown) Operations: 10000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 100 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Enabled (durable) Running RocksDB benchmark... PUT: 172327.63 ops/sec ITER: 9784735.81 ops/sec (10000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (vunknown) Operations: 10000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 172327.63 ops/sec Duration: 0.058 seconds Latency (avg): 4396.73 μs Latency (stddev): 2056.36 μs Latency (CV): 46.77% Latency (p50): 2929.00 μs Latency (p95): 9053.00 μs Latency (p99): 9182.00 μs Latency (min): 1479.00 μs Latency (max): 9194.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 9784735.81 ops/sec Duration: 0.001 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 16.00 MB Peak VMS: 1233.15 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 1.23 MB CPU User Time: 0.000 seconds CPU System Time: 0.031 seconds CPU Utilization: 52.3% Database Size: 1.17 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.11x Space Amplification: 1.06x Running RocksDB delete test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (vunknown) Operations: 10000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 100 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Delete-only Sync Mode: Enabled (durable) Running RocksDB benchmark... DELETE: [8 threads started] [T0 done] [T1 done] [T2 done] [T3 done] [T4 done] [T5 done] [T6 done] [T7 done] 218784.87 ops/sec ITER: 0.00 ops/sec (0 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (vunknown) Operations: 10000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes DELETE Operations: Throughput: 218784.87 ops/sec Duration: 0.046 seconds Latency (avg): 3380.18 μs Latency (stddev): 1955.40 μs Latency (CV): 57.85% Latency (p50): 2347.00 μs Latency (p95): 7787.00 μs Latency (p99): 7956.00 μs Latency (min): 1152.00 μs Latency (max): 8009.00 μs Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 16.41 MB Peak VMS: 1232.32 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 0.27 MB CPU User Time: 0.005 seconds CPU System Time: 0.018 seconds CPU Utilization: 48.5% Database Size: 0.41 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 0.25x Cleaning up db-bench... ======================================== TEST: Delete Batch=1000 (10K ops) ======================================== Populating TidesDB for delete test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v7.1.0) Operations: 10000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1000 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Enabled (durable) Running TidesDB benchmark... PUT: 532736.67 ops/sec ITER: 4237288.14 ops/sec (10000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v7.1.0) Operations: 10000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 532736.67 ops/sec Duration: 0.019 seconds Latency (avg): 8432.12 μs Latency (stddev): 2558.21 μs Latency (CV): 30.34% Latency (p50): 8782.00 μs Latency (p95): 11619.00 μs Latency (p99): 11619.00 μs Latency (min): 2445.00 μs Latency (max): 11619.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 4237288.14 ops/sec Duration: 0.002 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 21.62 MB Peak VMS: 593.43 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 1.18 MB CPU User Time: 0.013 seconds CPU System Time: 0.007 seconds CPU Utilization: 93.3% Database Size: 0.10 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.06x Space Amplification: 0.09x Running TidesDB delete test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v7.1.0) Operations: 10000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1000 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Delete-only Sync Mode: Enabled (durable) Running TidesDB benchmark... DELETE: [8 threads started] [T0 done] [T1 done] [T2 done] [T3 done] [T4 done] [T5 done] [T6 done] [T7 done] 845809.02 ops/sec ITER: 3629764.07 ops/sec (10000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v7.1.0) Operations: 10000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes DELETE Operations: Throughput: 845809.02 ops/sec Duration: 0.012 seconds Latency (avg): 5381.06 μs Latency (stddev): 2885.53 μs Latency (CV): 53.62% Latency (p50): 5672.00 μs Latency (p95): 8943.00 μs Latency (p99): 8943.00 μs Latency (min): 1292.00 μs Latency (max): 8943.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 3629764.07 ops/sec Duration: 0.003 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 19.46 MB Peak VMS: 593.55 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 0.23 MB CPU User Time: 0.013 seconds CPU System Time: 0.000 seconds CPU Utilization: 90.9% Database Size: 0.17 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 0.20x Cleaning up db-bench... Populating RocksDB for delete test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (vunknown) Operations: 10000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1000 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Enabled (durable) Running RocksDB benchmark... PUT: 286853.50 ops/sec ITER: 9487666.03 ops/sec (10000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (vunknown) Operations: 10000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 286853.50 ops/sec Duration: 0.035 seconds Latency (avg): 14962.69 μs Latency (stddev): 6690.81 μs Latency (CV): 44.72% Latency (p50): 16735.00 μs Latency (p95): 28410.00 μs Latency (p99): 28410.00 μs Latency (min): 4904.00 μs Latency (max): 28410.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 9487666.03 ops/sec Duration: 0.001 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 18.12 MB Peak VMS: 1233.15 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 1.16 MB CPU User Time: 0.000 seconds CPU System Time: 0.015 seconds CPU Utilization: 42.4% Database Size: 1.17 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.05x Space Amplification: 1.06x Running RocksDB delete test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (vunknown) Operations: 10000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1000 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Delete-only Sync Mode: Enabled (durable) Running RocksDB benchmark... DELETE: [8 threads started] [T0 done] [T1 done] [T2 done] [T3 done] [T4 done] [T5 done] [T6 done] [T7 done] 790763.88 ops/sec ITER: 0.00 ops/sec (0 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (vunknown) Operations: 10000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes DELETE Operations: Throughput: 790763.88 ops/sec Duration: 0.013 seconds Latency (avg): 5998.00 μs Latency (stddev): 3205.09 μs Latency (CV): 53.44% Latency (p50): 7331.00 μs Latency (p95): 9825.00 μs Latency (p99): 9825.00 μs Latency (min): 2579.00 μs Latency (max): 9825.00 μs Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 17.00 MB Peak VMS: 1232.20 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 0.18 MB CPU User Time: 0.011 seconds CPU System Time: 0.004 seconds CPU Utilization: 93.7% Database Size: 0.41 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 0.17x Cleaning up db-bench... ### 11. Seek Performance (Block Index Effectiveness, Synced) ### ======================================== TEST: Random Seek (50K ops, 8 threads) ======================================== Populating TidesDB for seek test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v7.1.0) Operations: 50000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 100 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Enabled (durable) Running TidesDB benchmark... PUT: 199034.29 ops/sec ITER: 6122199.09 ops/sec (50000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v7.1.0) Operations: 50000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 199034.29 ops/sec Duration: 0.251 seconds Latency (avg): 3858.65 μs Latency (stddev): 1914.48 μs Latency (CV): 49.62% Latency (p50): 3040.00 μs Latency (p95): 7264.00 μs Latency (p99): 10110.00 μs Latency (min): 1865.00 μs Latency (max): 14450.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 6122199.09 ops/sec Duration: 0.008 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 30.49 MB Peak VMS: 593.73 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 6.74 MB CPU User Time: 0.096 seconds CPU System Time: 0.018 seconds CPU Utilization: 43.6% Database Size: 0.53 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.22x Space Amplification: 0.10x Running TidesDB seek test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v7.1.0) Operations: 50000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Seek Sync Mode: Enabled (durable) Running TidesDB benchmark... SEEK: [8 threads started] [T0 done] [T1 done] [T2 done] [T3 done] [T4 done] [T5 done] [T6 done] [T7 done] 4412283.80 ops/sec ITER: 7685213.65 ops/sec (50000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v7.1.0) Operations: 50000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes SEEK Operations: Throughput: 4412283.80 ops/sec Duration: 0.011 seconds Latency (avg): 1.36 μs Latency (stddev): 7.18 μs Latency (CV): 529.48% Latency (p50): 1.00 μs Latency (p95): 2.00 μs Latency (p99): 2.00 μs Latency (min): 0.00 μs Latency (max): 385.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 7685213.65 ops/sec Duration: 0.007 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 30.30 MB Peak VMS: 593.98 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 0.00 MB CPU User Time: 0.070 seconds CPU System Time: 0.013 seconds CPU Utilization: 400.6% Database Size: 0.53 MB Amplification Factors: Cleaning up db-bench... Populating RocksDB for seek test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (vunknown) Operations: 50000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 100 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Enabled (durable) Running RocksDB benchmark... PUT: 165334.07 ops/sec ITER: 7090187.18 ops/sec (50000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (vunknown) Operations: 50000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 165334.07 ops/sec Duration: 0.302 seconds Latency (avg): 4756.64 μs Latency (stddev): 5667.80 μs Latency (CV): 119.16% Latency (p50): 2941.00 μs Latency (p95): 7738.00 μs Latency (p99): 45614.00 μs Latency (min): 1114.00 μs Latency (max): 47089.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 7090187.18 ops/sec Duration: 0.007 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 21.38 MB Peak VMS: 1238.61 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 6.15 MB CPU User Time: 0.088 seconds CPU System Time: 0.030 seconds CPU Utilization: 38.0% Database Size: 5.72 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.11x Space Amplification: 1.03x Running RocksDB seek test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (vunknown) Operations: 50000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Seek Sync Mode: Enabled (durable) Running RocksDB benchmark... SEEK: [8 threads started] [T0 done] [T1 done] [T2 done] [T3 done] [T4 done] [T5 done] [T6 done] [T7 done] 2754517.41 ops/sec ITER: 7411799.58 ops/sec (50000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (vunknown) Operations: 50000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes SEEK Operations: Throughput: 2754517.41 ops/sec Duration: 0.018 seconds Latency (avg): 2.34 μs Latency (stddev): 3.00 μs Latency (CV): 127.88% Latency (p50): 2.00 μs Latency (p95): 3.00 μs Latency (p99): 19.00 μs Latency (min): 0.00 μs Latency (max): 89.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 7411799.58 ops/sec Duration: 0.007 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 21.46 MB Peak VMS: 1232.06 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 0.00 MB CPU User Time: 0.117 seconds CPU System Time: 0.013 seconds CPU Utilization: 475.9% Database Size: 0.85 MB Amplification Factors: Cleaning up db-bench... ======================================== TEST: Sequential Seek (50K ops, 8 threads) ======================================== Populating TidesDB for seek test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v7.1.0) Operations: 50000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 100 Key Pattern: Sequential Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Enabled (durable) Running TidesDB benchmark... PUT: 214406.39 ops/sec ITER: 6214267.96 ops/sec (50000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v7.1.0) Operations: 50000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 214406.39 ops/sec Duration: 0.233 seconds Latency (avg): 3612.59 μs Latency (stddev): 1493.21 μs Latency (CV): 41.33% Latency (p50): 2920.00 μs Latency (p95): 6301.00 μs Latency (p99): 8696.00 μs Latency (min): 1146.00 μs Latency (max): 8732.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 6214267.96 ops/sec Duration: 0.008 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 30.62 MB Peak VMS: 593.73 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 6.62 MB CPU User Time: 0.027 seconds CPU System Time: 0.065 seconds CPU Utilization: 38.4% Database Size: 0.57 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.20x Space Amplification: 0.10x Running TidesDB seek test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v7.1.0) Operations: 50000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1 Key Pattern: Sequential Workload: Seek Sync Mode: Enabled (durable) Running TidesDB benchmark... SEEK: [8 threads started] [T0 done] [T1 done] [T2 done] [T3 done] [T4 done] [T5 done] [T6 done] [T7 done] 5468066.49 ops/sec ITER: 7773631.84 ops/sec (50000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v7.1.0) Operations: 50000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes SEEK Operations: Throughput: 5468066.49 ops/sec Duration: 0.009 seconds Latency (avg): 0.91 μs Latency (stddev): 6.59 μs Latency (CV): 725.11% Latency (p50): 1.00 μs Latency (p95): 1.00 μs Latency (p99): 2.00 μs Latency (min): 0.00 μs Latency (max): 584.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 7773631.84 ops/sec Duration: 0.006 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 30.27 MB Peak VMS: 593.98 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 0.00 MB CPU User Time: 0.055 seconds CPU System Time: 0.005 seconds CPU Utilization: 331.0% Database Size: 0.57 MB Amplification Factors: Cleaning up db-bench... Populating RocksDB for seek test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (vunknown) Operations: 50000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 100 Key Pattern: Sequential Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Enabled (durable) Running RocksDB benchmark... PUT: 165474.70 ops/sec ITER: 9910802.78 ops/sec (50000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (vunknown) Operations: 50000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 165474.70 ops/sec Duration: 0.302 seconds Latency (avg): 4520.56 μs Latency (stddev): 2794.03 μs Latency (CV): 61.81% Latency (p50): 3418.00 μs Latency (p95): 8359.00 μs Latency (p99): 18906.00 μs Latency (min): 1082.00 μs Latency (max): 18907.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 9910802.78 ops/sec Duration: 0.005 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 21.25 MB Peak VMS: 1238.61 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 6.14 MB CPU User Time: 0.091 seconds CPU System Time: 0.018 seconds CPU Utilization: 35.5% Database Size: 5.72 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.11x Space Amplification: 1.03x Running RocksDB seek test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (vunknown) Operations: 50000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1 Key Pattern: Sequential Workload: Seek Sync Mode: Enabled (durable) Running RocksDB benchmark... SEEK: [8 threads started] [T0 done] [T1 done] [T2 done] [T3 done] [T4 done] [T5 done] [T6 done] [T7 done] 5873370.14 ops/sec ITER: 6682705.16 ops/sec (50000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (vunknown) Operations: 50000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes SEEK Operations: Throughput: 5873370.14 ops/sec Duration: 0.009 seconds Latency (avg): 0.99 μs Latency (stddev): 1.51 μs Latency (CV): 152.62% Latency (p50): 1.00 μs Latency (p95): 2.00 μs Latency (p99): 8.00 μs Latency (min): 0.00 μs Latency (max): 78.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 6682705.16 ops/sec Duration: 0.007 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 21.53 MB Peak VMS: 1232.24 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 0.00 MB CPU User Time: 0.065 seconds CPU System Time: 0.000 seconds CPU Utilization: 351.0% Database Size: 1.13 MB Amplification Factors: Cleaning up db-bench... ======================================== TEST: Zipfian Seek (50K ops, 8 threads) ======================================== Populating TidesDB for seek test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v7.1.0) Operations: 50000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 100 Key Pattern: Zipfian (hot keys) Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Enabled (durable) Running TidesDB benchmark... PUT: 100035.01 ops/sec ITER: 5125000.00 ops/sec (4551 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v7.1.0) Operations: 50000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 100035.01 ops/sec Duration: 0.500 seconds Latency (avg): 7827.79 μs Latency (stddev): 2606.36 μs Latency (CV): 33.30% Latency (p50): 7901.00 μs Latency (p95): 12228.00 μs Latency (p99): 12854.00 μs Latency (min): 2348.00 μs Latency (max): 13545.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 5125000.00 ops/sec Duration: 0.001 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 21.75 MB Peak VMS: 593.73 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 6.81 MB CPU User Time: 0.050 seconds CPU System Time: 0.041 seconds CPU Utilization: 18.0% Database Size: 0.07 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.23x Space Amplification: 0.01x Running TidesDB seek test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v7.1.0) Operations: 50000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1 Key Pattern: Zipfian (hot keys) Workload: Seek Sync Mode: Enabled (durable) Running TidesDB benchmark... SEEK: [8 threads started] [T0 done] [T1 done] [T2 done] [T3 done] [T4 done] [T5 done] [T6 done] [T7 done] 3213780.69 ops/sec ITER: 7235294.12 ops/sec (4551 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v7.1.0) Operations: 50000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes SEEK Operations: Throughput: 3213780.69 ops/sec Duration: 0.016 seconds Latency (avg): 1.09 μs Latency (stddev): 3.67 μs Latency (CV): 336.63% Latency (p50): 1.00 μs Latency (p95): 2.00 μs Latency (p99): 2.00 μs Latency (min): 0.00 μs Latency (max): 268.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 7235294.12 ops/sec Duration: 0.001 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 22.60 MB Peak VMS: 593.81 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 0.00 MB CPU User Time: 0.057 seconds CPU System Time: 0.048 seconds CPU Utilization: 564.0% Database Size: 0.07 MB Amplification Factors: Cleaning up db-bench... Populating RocksDB for seek test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (vunknown) Operations: 50000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 100 Key Pattern: Zipfian (hot keys) Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Enabled (durable) Running RocksDB benchmark... PUT: 235228.81 ops/sec ITER: 1002200.22 ops/sec (4555 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (vunknown) Operations: 50000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 235228.81 ops/sec Duration: 0.213 seconds Latency (avg): 3358.71 μs Latency (stddev): 3652.59 μs Latency (CV): 108.75% Latency (p50): 2857.00 μs Latency (p95): 3186.00 μs Latency (p99): 31932.00 μs Latency (min): 1322.00 μs Latency (max): 32045.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 1002200.22 ops/sec Duration: 0.005 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 21.50 MB Peak VMS: 1239.61 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 6.17 MB CPU User Time: 0.055 seconds CPU System Time: 0.106 seconds CPU Utilization: 73.9% Database Size: 5.72 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.12x Space Amplification: 1.03x Running RocksDB seek test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (vunknown) Operations: 50000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1 Key Pattern: Zipfian (hot keys) Workload: Seek Sync Mode: Enabled (durable) Running RocksDB benchmark... SEEK: [8 threads started] [T0 done] [T1 done] [T2 done] [T3 done] [T4 done] [T5 done] [T6 done] [T7 done] 3028651.04 ops/sec ITER: 6698529.41 ops/sec (4555 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (vunknown) Operations: 50000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes SEEK Operations: Throughput: 3028651.04 ops/sec Duration: 0.017 seconds Latency (avg): 1.39 μs Latency (stddev): 1.59 μs Latency (CV): 114.56% Latency (p50): 1.00 μs Latency (p95): 2.00 μs Latency (p99): 3.00 μs Latency (min): 0.00 μs Latency (max): 266.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 6698529.41 ops/sec Duration: 0.001 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 16.41 MB Peak VMS: 1232.16 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 0.00 MB CPU User Time: 0.103 seconds CPU System Time: 0.003 seconds CPU Utilization: 547.9% Database Size: 0.20 MB Amplification Factors: Cleaning up db-bench... ### 12. Range Query Performance (Synced) ### ======================================== TEST: Range Scan 100 keys (10K ops, 8 threads) ======================================== Populating TidesDB for range test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v7.1.0) Operations: 10000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 100 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Enabled (durable) Running TidesDB benchmark... PUT: 267029.83 ops/sec ITER: 6720430.11 ops/sec (10000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v7.1.0) Operations: 10000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 267029.83 ops/sec Duration: 0.037 seconds Latency (avg): 2720.22 μs Latency (stddev): 601.04 μs Latency (CV): 22.10% Latency (p50): 2591.00 μs Latency (p95): 3733.00 μs Latency (p99): 4086.00 μs Latency (min): 1202.00 μs Latency (max): 4112.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 6720430.11 ops/sec Duration: 0.001 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 20.25 MB Peak VMS: 593.43 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 1.31 MB CPU User Time: 0.009 seconds CPU System Time: 0.014 seconds CPU Utilization: 58.2% Database Size: 0.12 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.18x Space Amplification: 0.11x Running TidesDB range test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v7.1.0) Operations: 10000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Range Query Sync Mode: Enabled (durable) Running TidesDB benchmark... RANGE: [8 threads started] [T0 done] [T1 done] [T2 done] [T3 done] [T4 done] [T5 done] [T6 done] [T7 done] 259161.35 ops/sec ITER: 6127450.98 ops/sec (10000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v7.1.0) Operations: 10000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes RANGE Query Operations: Throughput: 259161.35 ops/sec Duration: 0.039 seconds Latency (avg): 20.57 μs Latency (stddev): 19.17 μs Latency (CV): 93.22% Latency (p50): 12.00 μs Latency (p95): 37.00 μs Latency (p99): 68.00 μs Latency (min): 1.00 μs Latency (max): 713.00 μs Keys per range: 100 ITERATION: Throughput: 6127450.98 ops/sec Duration: 0.002 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 22.52 MB Peak VMS: 593.55 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 0.00 MB CPU User Time: 0.181 seconds CPU System Time: 0.030 seconds CPU Utilization: 514.9% Database Size: 0.12 MB Amplification Factors: Cleaning up db-bench... Populating RocksDB for range test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (vunknown) Operations: 10000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 100 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Enabled (durable) Running RocksDB benchmark... PUT: 238100.91 ops/sec ITER: 10131712.26 ops/sec (10000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (vunknown) Operations: 10000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 238100.91 ops/sec Duration: 0.042 seconds Latency (avg): 3203.89 μs Latency (stddev): 1598.85 μs Latency (CV): 49.90% Latency (p50): 2766.00 μs Latency (p95): 8817.00 μs Latency (p99): 8985.00 μs Latency (min): 2278.00 μs Latency (max): 8987.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 10131712.26 ops/sec Duration: 0.001 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 16.25 MB Peak VMS: 1233.15 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 1.23 MB CPU User Time: 0.019 seconds CPU System Time: 0.015 seconds CPU Utilization: 79.5% Database Size: 1.17 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.12x Space Amplification: 1.06x Running RocksDB range test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (vunknown) Operations: 10000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Range Query Sync Mode: Enabled (durable) Running RocksDB benchmark... RANGE: [8 threads started] [T0 done] [T1 done] [T2 done] [T3 done] [T4 done] [T5 done] [T6 done] [T7 done] 215703.19 ops/sec ITER: 7396449.70 ops/sec (10000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (vunknown) Operations: 10000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes RANGE Query Operations: Throughput: 215703.19 ops/sec Duration: 0.046 seconds Latency (avg): 20.65 μs Latency (stddev): 11.03 μs Latency (CV): 53.41% Latency (p50): 14.00 μs Latency (p95): 37.00 μs Latency (p99): 43.00 μs Latency (min): 1.00 μs Latency (max): 201.00 μs Keys per range: 100 ITERATION: Throughput: 7396449.70 ops/sec Duration: 0.001 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 16.06 MB Peak VMS: 1231.81 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 0.00 MB CPU User Time: 0.210 seconds CPU System Time: 0.000 seconds CPU Utilization: 433.4% Database Size: 0.24 MB Amplification Factors: Cleaning up db-bench... ======================================== TEST: Range Scan 1000 keys (5K ops, 8 threads) ======================================== Populating TidesDB for range test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v7.1.0) Operations: 5000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 100 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Enabled (durable) Running TidesDB benchmark... PUT: 218971.71 ops/sec ITER: 5793742.76 ops/sec (5000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v7.1.0) Operations: 5000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 218971.71 ops/sec Duration: 0.023 seconds Latency (avg): 2751.14 μs Latency (stddev): 661.37 μs Latency (CV): 24.04% Latency (p50): 2462.00 μs Latency (p95): 3886.00 μs Latency (p99): 4063.00 μs Latency (min): 1131.00 μs Latency (max): 4063.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 5793742.76 ops/sec Duration: 0.001 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 18.88 MB Peak VMS: 593.43 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 0.69 MB CPU User Time: 0.002 seconds CPU System Time: 0.009 seconds CPU Utilization: 45.4% Database Size: 0.06 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.25x Space Amplification: 0.11x Running TidesDB range test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v7.1.0) Operations: 5000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Range Query Sync Mode: Enabled (durable) Running TidesDB benchmark... RANGE: [8 threads started] [T0 done] [T1 done] [T2 done] [T3 done] [T4 done] [T5 done] [T6 done] [T7 done] 36667.91 ops/sec ITER: 6218905.47 ops/sec (5000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v7.1.0) Operations: 5000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes RANGE Query Operations: Throughput: 36667.91 ops/sec Duration: 0.136 seconds Latency (avg): 156.36 μs Latency (stddev): 78.45 μs Latency (CV): 50.17% Latency (p50): 136.00 μs Latency (p95): 318.00 μs Latency (p99): 382.00 μs Latency (min): 1.00 μs Latency (max): 828.00 μs Keys per range: 1000 ITERATION: Throughput: 6218905.47 ops/sec Duration: 0.001 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 20.96 MB Peak VMS: 593.69 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 0.00 MB CPU User Time: 0.782 seconds CPU System Time: 0.003 seconds CPU Utilization: 569.8% Database Size: 0.06 MB Amplification Factors: Cleaning up db-bench... Populating RocksDB for range test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (vunknown) Operations: 5000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 100 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Enabled (durable) Running RocksDB benchmark... PUT: 242330.25 ops/sec ITER: 9633911.37 ops/sec (5000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (vunknown) Operations: 5000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 242330.25 ops/sec Duration: 0.021 seconds Latency (avg): 2879.71 μs Latency (stddev): 549.34 μs Latency (CV): 19.08% Latency (p50): 2829.00 μs Latency (p95): 4308.00 μs Latency (p99): 4394.00 μs Latency (min): 2164.00 μs Latency (max): 4394.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 9633911.37 ops/sec Duration: 0.001 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 15.88 MB Peak VMS: 1233.15 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 0.62 MB CPU User Time: 0.012 seconds CPU System Time: 0.000 seconds CPU Utilization: 56.0% Database Size: 0.61 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.12x Space Amplification: 1.10x Running RocksDB range test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (vunknown) Operations: 5000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1 Key Pattern: Random Workload: Range Query Sync Mode: Enabled (durable) Running RocksDB benchmark... RANGE: [8 threads started] [T0 done] [T1 done] [T2 done] [T3 done] [T4 done] [T5 done] [T6 done] [T7 done] 36203.55 ops/sec ITER: 6393861.89 ops/sec (5000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (vunknown) Operations: 5000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes RANGE Query Operations: Throughput: 36203.55 ops/sec Duration: 0.138 seconds Latency (avg): 163.87 μs Latency (stddev): 94.57 μs Latency (CV): 57.71% Latency (p50): 126.00 μs Latency (p95): 340.00 μs Latency (p99): 349.00 μs Latency (min): 1.00 μs Latency (max): 490.00 μs Keys per range: 1000 ITERATION: Throughput: 6393861.89 ops/sec Duration: 0.001 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 15.78 MB Peak VMS: 1231.72 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 0.00 MB CPU User Time: 0.821 seconds CPU System Time: 0.000 seconds CPU Utilization: 589.5% Database Size: 0.16 MB Amplification Factors: Cleaning up db-bench... ======================================== TEST: Sequential Range Scan 100 keys (10K ops, 8 threads) ======================================== Populating TidesDB for range test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v7.1.0) Operations: 10000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 100 Key Pattern: Sequential Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Enabled (durable) Running TidesDB benchmark... PUT: 252665.62 ops/sec ITER: 7485029.94 ops/sec (10000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v7.1.0) Operations: 10000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 252665.62 ops/sec Duration: 0.040 seconds Latency (avg): 2787.65 μs Latency (stddev): 642.77 μs Latency (CV): 23.06% Latency (p50): 2607.00 μs Latency (p95): 3690.00 μs Latency (p99): 3746.00 μs Latency (min): 1115.00 μs Latency (max): 3755.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 7485029.94 ops/sec Duration: 0.001 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 20.00 MB Peak VMS: 593.43 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 1.35 MB CPU User Time: 0.008 seconds CPU System Time: 0.011 seconds CPU Utilization: 47.7% Database Size: 0.11 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.22x Space Amplification: 0.10x Running TidesDB range test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: tidesdb (v7.1.0) Operations: 10000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1 Key Pattern: Sequential Workload: Range Query Sync Mode: Enabled (durable) Running TidesDB benchmark... RANGE: [8 threads started] [T0 done] [T1 done] [T2 done] [T3 done] [T4 done] [T5 done] [T6 done] [T7 done] 281088.37 ops/sec ITER: 6112469.44 ops/sec (10000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: tidesdb (v7.1.0) Operations: 10000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes RANGE Query Operations: Throughput: 281088.37 ops/sec Duration: 0.036 seconds Latency (avg): 19.35 μs Latency (stddev): 16.99 μs Latency (CV): 87.80% Latency (p50): 12.00 μs Latency (p95): 42.00 μs Latency (p99): 66.00 μs Latency (min): 1.00 μs Latency (max): 532.00 μs Keys per range: 100 ITERATION: Throughput: 6112469.44 ops/sec Duration: 0.002 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 22.22 MB Peak VMS: 593.55 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 0.00 MB CPU User Time: 0.198 seconds CPU System Time: 0.000 seconds CPU Utilization: 523.3% Database Size: 0.11 MB Amplification Factors: Cleaning up db-bench... Populating RocksDB for range test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (vunknown) Operations: 10000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 100 Key Pattern: Sequential Workload: Write-only Sync Mode: Enabled (durable) Running RocksDB benchmark... PUT: 261745.84 ops/sec ITER: 9182736.46 ops/sec (10000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (vunknown) Operations: 10000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes PUT Operations: Throughput: 261745.84 ops/sec Duration: 0.038 seconds Latency (avg): 2912.54 μs Latency (stddev): 729.54 μs Latency (CV): 25.05% Latency (p50): 2676.00 μs Latency (p95): 5439.00 μs Latency (p99): 5526.00 μs Latency (min): 2318.00 μs Latency (max): 5637.00 μs ITERATION: Throughput: 9182736.46 ops/sec Duration: 0.001 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 16.12 MB Peak VMS: 1233.15 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 1.23 MB CPU User Time: 0.000 seconds CPU System Time: 0.031 seconds CPU Utilization: 77.7% Database Size: 1.17 MB Amplification Factors: Write Amplification: 1.12x Space Amplification: 1.06x Running RocksDB range test... === TidesDB Storage Engine Benchmarker === Configuration: Engine: rocksdb (vunknown) Operations: 10000 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes Threads: 8 Batch Size: 1 Key Pattern: Sequential Workload: Range Query Sync Mode: Enabled (durable) Running RocksDB benchmark... RANGE: [8 threads started] [T0 done] [T1 done] [T2 done] [T3 done] [T4 done] [T5 done] [T6 done] [T7 done] 373064.73 ops/sec ITER: 7183908.05 ops/sec (10000 keys) **=== Benchmark Results ===** Engine: rocksdb (vunknown) Operations: 10000 Threads: 8 Key Size: 16 bytes Value Size: 100 bytes RANGE Query Operations: Throughput: 373064.73 ops/sec Duration: 0.027 seconds Latency (avg): 17.99 μs Latency (stddev): 8.29 μs Latency (CV): 46.09% Latency (p50): 14.00 μs Latency (p95): 37.00 μs Latency (p99): 39.00 μs Latency (min): 1.00 μs Latency (max): 121.00 μs Keys per range: 100 ITERATION: Throughput: 7183908.05 ops/sec Duration: 0.001 seconds Resource Usage: Peak RSS: 16.03 MB Peak VMS: 1231.74 MB Disk Reads: 0.00 MB Disk Writes: 0.00 MB CPU User Time: 0.182 seconds CPU System Time: 0.002 seconds CPU Utilization: 637.9% Database Size: 0.29 MB Amplification Factors: Cleaning up db-bench... =================================== Benchmark Suite Complete (SYNCED)! Results saved to: benchmark_results_synced.txt ===================================